Solar panels are devices that directly or indirectly convert solar radiation into electrical energy through photoelectric or photochemical effects by absorbing sunlight. The main material of most solar panels is “siliconâ€, but the cost of production is relatively high. So large that it has some limitations in its widespread use. Compared with ordinary batteries and rechargeable batteries, solar cells are greener products that are more energy-efficient and environmentally friendly.
The tempered glass laminate package has a solar panel life of 25 years, the PET laminate package has a solar panel life of 5-8 years, and the epoxy encapsulated solar panel has a lifetime of 2-3 years. More than 95% of the solar panels on the market today are solar panels with tempered glass laminates.
The lifetime of a PV module is determined by its power generation efficiency. The degree of bonding of the PN junction and the purity of the silicon wafer determine the intensity of the solar panel's electrical energy generated by the same light. Over time, the PN junction will rupture. In this way, the efficiency will continue to drop. After 15 years, the conversion efficiency will be over 90%. After 25 years, it will drop to about 85%, so the life of photovoltaics and components is basically more than 20 years.
The main influencing factors are the following two aspects:
1, hot spot effect
The hot spot effect refers to a battery module that is working normally. At a certain moment, a single cell sheet is covered by a small object. The current that can be generated by this unit cell becomes small. The single cell in the battery assembly can be regarded as a diode-like PN junction structure with reverse avalanche breakdown, which can be generated by the occluded single cell according to Kirchhoff's current and voltage law. When the current is less than the current of the circuit, the single cell has a negative pressure and becomes a load. The energy emitted by other single cells is consumed in the form of heat.
The hot spot effect also has a lot to do with the production process of the battery assembly. Due to defects in production levels, the internal resistance of the cell sheets is often uneven. A battery sheet with uneven internal resistance is highly susceptible to hot spots.
The hot spot effect is very harmful to the battery. Lightly burnt the battery, which will seriously cause the whole battery pack to burn.
2. The influence of environmental factors
Temperature, light radiation intensity, wind load and snow load can also affect battery life.
Solar panels have a long life cycle, and some solar panels installed in the 1890s still produce clean electricity – but its durability comes from its economic cost.
In order to have a solar panel with a life of 25 years or more, various expensive sealants and protective layers are used on solar panels.
To help protect fragile crystalline silicon solar cells in assemblies, many manufacturers use expensive EVA adhesives for coating. Researchers at the Fraunhofer Center for Sustainable Energy Systems (CSE) have been studying alternative materials that can be used in solar cells.
One of the materials is silicone, which is neither an inorganic crystal nor an organic polymer, but is related to both. It cannot be confused with silicon. Silicone is inert and is a compound that is artificially synthesized in various forms and uses.
While various silicone mixtures are used to encapsulate photovoltaic modules, this material has not been widely used in laminated solar cells themselves.
Fraunhofer researchers have prepared prototypes of silicone laminate cells and placed them in an artificial climate chamber at low temperatures and cyclic loading. The cell was then tested for flash and electron fluorescence imaging techniques.
Compared with traditional solar modules, silicone-encapsulated photovoltaic cells have a more resistant cyclic load when subjected to strong winds, especially at ultra-low temperatures of minus 40 degrees Celsius.
Other Fraunhofer news, the organization has announced the official launch of OTF-1, a new photovoltaic outdoor test site in Frauenhof, Albuquerque, New Mexico. As an extension of the existing Albuquerque Solar Research Center's Sustainable Energy System (CSE), the organization will help PV module and component manufacturers in assessing the performance and durability of their products in the real world, as well as helping System integrators collect important data on performance and life expectancy.
The Fraunhofer Association is Europe's largest application-oriented research institution. It contains more than 80 research individuals, including 60 Fraunhofer Institutes in different parts of Germany, as well as research centers and representative offices in Europe, the United States, Asia and other parts of the Middle East.
1. Check the battery board for damage, and find it in time to replace it in time.
2. Check if the battery board connecting cable and grounding wire are in good contact and there is no falling off.
3. Check if there is any heat in the junction box of the combiner box.
4. Check the battery board bracket for looseness and breakage.
5. Check and clean the weeds that block the panel around the panel.
6. Check the surface of the panel for obscuration.
7. Check the bird droppings on the surface of the panel and clean it if necessary.
8. Identify the cleanliness of the panels.
9, the windy weather should be focused on the inspection of the battery panels and brackets.
10. In the snowy day, the panel should be cleaned in time to avoid the surface area of ​​the panel.
11. Heavy rain should check whether all waterproof seals are good and there is no water leakage.
12. Check if any animals enter the power station to damage the panels.
13. The hail weather should be checked for the surface of the panel.
14. Detect the temperature of the panel and compare it with the ambient temperature.
15. The problems that have been checked must be dealt with in a timely manner, analyzed and summarized.
16. Make detailed records for each inspection to facilitate future analysis.
17. Do the analysis and summary records and archive.
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