The electric power diagram is divided into a primary circuit diagram and a secondary circuit diagram. The primary circuit diagram represents the order in which the electrical equipment (master equipment) is connected. Primary electrical equipment mainly includes generators, transformers, circuit breakers, electric motors, reactors, power cables, power buses, and power lines.
It is designed and installed for the control, measurement and protection of primary equipment and its circuits, such as measuring instruments, control switches, relays, signal devices, automatic devices, etc. An electrical diagram showing the order of connection between secondary devices is called a secondary circuit diagram.
First, the type of electrical diagram
The electrical diagram mainly includes system schematic diagram, circuit schematic diagram and installation wiring diagram.
1. System schematic (block diagram)
Simpler and clearer representation of the most basic structure and composition of the circuit system, using simpler symbols or boxes with text, visually describes the most basic building blocks and main features of the circuit and their relationship to each other.
2. Circuit schematic
The circuit schematic is divided into two types: centralized and expanded. The components in the centralized circuit diagram are drawn in a centralized form to illustrate the structural principle and working principle of the components. When reading, you need to clearly understand the relay-related coils in the diagram, what circuit the contacts belong to, under what circumstances, and what changes occur in the relevant parts of the contacts after the action.
Expanded circuit diagrams have unique advantages over centralized circuit diagrams in terms of various components, relay operating principles, and sequence of operations. The expansion circuit diagram is divided into independent AC current, AC voltage, DC signal and other circuits according to the coils and contacts of the components. The same words are used for current, voltage coils and contacts belonging to the same component or relay. In the unfolded circuit diagram, for each independent loop, the AC is in the order of U, V, and W; the DC is arranged in the order of the relays. When reading the expanded circuit diagram, compare the text on the right side of each loop, first exchange and then DC, from top to bottom, read from left to right line by line. The centralized and expanded circuit diagrams complement each other and are easy to understand by reading each other.
3. Installation wiring diagram
The installation wiring diagram is drawn based on the circuit principle and is an indispensable important material for on-site maintenance. The figure, position and mutual connection relationship of each component in the installation diagram are consistent with the actual shape, actual installation position and actual connection relationship of the components. The connection relationship in the figure is represented by a relative labeling method.
Second, read the electrical diagrams
1. Learn to master certain basic knowledge of electronics and electrical technology, understand the performance and working principle of various electrical equipment, and understand the relationship between the state of the contact before and after the action.
2. Have a certain understanding of commonly used typical circuits, such as overcurrent, undervoltage, overload, control, signal circuit working principle and action sequence.
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