The difference between a router and a bridge
The bridge works at the second layer of the OSI model, the link layer. Complete the forwarding of data frames (frame), the main purpose is to provide transparent communication between connected networks. Bridge forwarding is based on the source and destination addresses in the data frame to determine whether a frame should be forwarded and to which port. The address in the frame is called the "MAC" address or "hardware" address, which is generally the address carried by the network card.
The role of the bridge is to interconnect two or more networks to provide transparent communication. The devices on the network cannot see the existence of the bridge, and the communication between the devices is as convenient as being on an Internet. Because the bridge is forwarded on the data frame, it can only be connected to the same or similar networks (data frames with the same or similar structure), such as between Ethernet, between Ethernet and token ring Interconnection, for different types of networks (different data frame structure), such as between Ethernet and X.25, the bridge is powerless.
The network bridge expands the scale of the network, improves the performance of the network, and brings convenience to network applications. In previous networks, the application of network bridges is more widespread. But the interconnection of bridges also brings a lot of problems: One is broadcast storm. The bridge does not block the broadcast messages in the network. When the scale of the network is large (a few bridges, multiple Ethernet segments), it may cause Broadcast storm (broadcasTIng storm), caused the entire network to be filled with broadcast information, until completely paralyzed. The second problem is that when interconnected with the external network, the bridge will combine the internal and external networks into one network, and both parties will automatically open their network resources to the other side. This interconnection method is obviously unacceptable when interconnecting with external networks. The main source of the problem is that the bridge simply communicates the network to the maximum, regardless of the information being transmitted.
The router works at the third layer of the OSI model, the network layer. The router uses network addresses (ie, IP addresses) on the "logic" defined by the network layer to distinguish different networks, realize interconnection and isolation of the networks, and maintain the independence of each network. Routers do not forward broadcast messages, but restrict broadcast messages to their respective networks. The data sent to other networks is first sent to the router, and then forwarded by the router.
IP routers only forward IP packets, blocking the rest of the network (including broadcasting), so as to maintain the relative independence of each network, which can form a large network with many networks (subnets) interconnected. Because of the interconnection at the network layer, routers can easily connect to different types of networks. As long as the network layer runs the IP protocol, it can be interconnected through routers.
The router has multiple ports for connecting multiple IP subnets. The network number of the IP address of each port must be the same as the network number of the connected IP subnet. Different ports are different network numbers, corresponding to different IP subnets, so that the hosts in each subnet can send the required IP packets to the router through the IP address of their own subnet.
Floating Board To Board Connector
FLOATING Board to Board Connector
FLOATING Board-to-board (BTB) connectors as the name indicates is used for connecting circuits board together. This kind of connectors are suitable for stacking circuits boards one over another. Flat flexible cables can be avoided using these kinds of connectors; moreover it makes the entire unit more compact. The commonly used BTB connectors are SMT connectors and Berg Strip. We will discuss about them in detail in the following section.
SMT CONNECTOR
Surface Mount Technology (SMT) connector is a commonly found board-to-board connector in advanced circuit boards. As the name indicates this connector is available only in surface mount model. It is carefully mounted on to the solder pads on the surface of the PCB.
SMT connectors are ideal candidate for miniaturization due to their small area of occupancy and stacking height. They are suitable for double layered or multilayered PCBs. They are designed for high performance and reliability.
They commonly found in advanced circuit boards in networking equipment, telephones, mobile phones, computers and other consumer electronics.
Floating Board to Board Connector
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