The accumulator is a kind of battery, and its function is to store the limited electric energy and use it in a suitable place. Its working principle is to convert chemical energy into electrical energy.
It uses a lead plate filled with spongy lead as a negative electrode, a lead plate filled with lead dioxide as a positive electrode, and 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid as an electrolyte. When charging, electrical energy is converted into chemical energy, and when discharging, chemical energy is converted into electrical energy. When the battery is discharged, metallic lead is the negative electrode and undergoes an oxidation reaction and is oxidized to lead sulfate; lead dioxide is the positive electrode and undergoes a reduction reaction and is reduced to lead sulfate. When the battery is charged with direct current, lead and lead dioxide are generated at the two poles respectively. After removing the power source, it returns to the state before discharge, forming a chemical battery. Lead-acid batteries are batteries that can be repeatedly charged and discharged, called secondary batteries. Its voltage is 2V, usually three lead storage batteries are connected in series, and the voltage is 6V. The car uses 6 lead storage batteries in series to form a 12V battery pack. Lead-acid batteries should be supplemented with sulfuric acid after a period of use to keep the electrolyte containing 22-28% dilute sulfuric acid.
Lithium batteries are a type of batteries that use lithium metal or lithium alloy as the negative electrode material and use a non-aqueous electrolyte solution. The earliest lithium battery came from the great inventor Edison.
Due to the very active chemical properties of lithium metal, the processing, storage and use of lithium metal have very high environmental requirements. Therefore, lithium batteries have not been used for a long time.
Lithium batteries generally have a nominal voltage higher than 3.0 volts and are more suitable for integrated circuit power supplies. Manganese dioxide batteries are widely used in computers, calculators, cameras, and watches.
Lithium batteries are lighter and have a high capacity density of 192Wh/kg. With the same weight and volume, they can hold multiple times the energy of lead-acid batteries. At present, two-wheeled electric vehicles require long battery life. The only choice is lithium batteries. Good way.
2. Comparison of charging efficiencyThe charging efficiency of the lithium battery is higher. Take the ternary 18650 lithium battery for example, the maximum charging current is generally 0.5C, for the alliance 72V24Ah lithium battery, the maximum charging current can be 12A, of course, for the safety and life of the lithium battery Considering that the alliance’s lithium battery protection board limits the maximum charging current, the current recommended maximum charging current is 6A, and the 72V24Ah battery only needs to be charged in 4 hours.
3. Comparison of life spanLithium batteries have a longer lifespan. Generally, ternary lithium batteries have a cycle number of about 800. According to our current general use of electric vehicles, lithium batteries can be used for at least 3 years. The 800 cycles mentioned here do not mean that the battery is completely scrapped after 800 cycles, but it means that after 800 cycles, its capacity can reach about 60-70% of the maximum capacity of the new battery. If the capacity continues, the mileage can be higher. Above the user's minimum continuation requirement, it can still be used until the continuation is no longer able to meet the user's needs, and this life span may be 4 years? 5 years? Even 6 years?
4. Comparison of performance and durabilityLithium batteries of the same capacity can effectively use more energy than lead-acid batteries. Take a 72V lead-acid battery and compare it with a lithium battery. Generally, the working voltage of lead-acid batteries is 63V-82V, and the voltage difference between them is 19V. Take the Alliance 72V lithium battery for example, 20 strings of 18650 lithium batteries, the operating voltage of single lithium batteries is 2.75-4.2V, and 20 strings are 55V-84V. In order to protect the safety and life of lithium batteries, the alliance sets the operating voltage to be 58V-83.5V , The voltage difference in the middle is 25.5V, which is 6.5V more than the lead-acid battery voltage difference, that is to say, the working voltage range is 34% more than that of the lead-acid battery.
In layman's terms, a lithium battery with the same voltage specification and capacity can have about one-third more mileage than a lead-acid battery. This only accounts for the difference in battery energy and does not consider the weight reduction of lithium batteries.
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