The development of battery technology has always failed to keep pace with the functional requirements of electronic products. Think about the mobile phones around you - at present, a brand model is basically an iterative rhythm every year. In a few years, the performance indicators of CPU and GPU may have doubled, but the lithium battery that can power mobile phones has not changed much. .
If nothing else, such a situation will also happen to electric vehicles - although the exploration of different battery materials has been accelerating, people have not found a "perfect" electric vehicle power battery solution.
Therefore, in order to increase the battery life of electric vehicles and enable them to run farther, it may not be enough to rely on the advancement of power battery technology alone, and the blessing of the battery management system (BMS) is also required.
In an electric vehicle with a power battery as an energy source, the importance of BMS as a "link" connecting the battery pack, the vehicle system and the motor is self-evident. BMS must firstly monitor the status of the power battery in real time and accurately, and then evaluate the battery status (such as SOC remaining power and SOH battery aging degree) based on the monitoring data to determine an appropriate control strategy to ensure that the battery The group completes the process of charging, discharging and power distribution in a safe working state, maximizing the use of electric energy and prolonging the life of the battery. For the large amount of data generated during the entire battery management and control process—both from the battery system itself and the data interacting with the vehicle control system—BMS also needs to be able to transmit and analyze it, and ensure information security ...
Regarding the importance of BMS, an example that is always cited is Tesla - in the battery, motor and BMS known as the "three big pieces" of electric vehicles, Tesla uses the first two to buy other The strategy of manufacturers' products, and only the research and development of BMS is hands-on, which shows how critical the position of BMS is in the eyes of electric vehicle companies. Many electric vehicle manufacturers regard BMS technology as their core competitiveness.
In order to meet people's expectations for the longer range of electric vehicles, today's BMS is also constantly improving on several key technologies.
Battery State Estimation: Based on accurate modeling and parameter monitoring of batteries. Through big data analysis and advanced algorithms, it can accurately estimate battery states such as SOC, SOH, and SOP, and provide a reliable basis for battery management.
Balance management technology: The inconsistency of the single cells in the power battery pack will greatly affect the available capacity of the battery, which requires the use of balance management technology (usually including passive balance and active balance) to improve battery consistency battery pack life.
Distributed architecture: Different from the traditional integrated and master-slave BMS, the distributed BMS system integrates the battery module and the battery acquisition unit, making the battery pack more modular, standardized and intelligent, with stronger scalability. The assembly process can also be simplified, and it is convenient to realize the cascade utilization of the battery.
Integration of BMS and VCU: The main control function of BMS is integrated with the vehicle controller (VCU) function, and the VCU adopts a more reasonable and efficient control strategy according to the vehicle information and battery information, which can improve real-time, safety and security. Sex and reliability are also helpful.
Functional safety: A new safety technology concept and method that has attracted much attention in recent years, to ensure that the safety system can effectively perform its safety functions when necessary, and to ensure that the vehicle safety integrity can meet the ASIL safety level through specific risk-based analysis methods. Require.
It can be seen from this that today's BMS developers have at least three big "ya pears": the importance of BMS, so that they do not dare to make mistakes in their work, so as to ensure that the company does not fall behind in the competition in the electric vehicle market; The complexity of BMS, from hardware architecture to software algorithm, also needs to take into account the cost, and there are many things to worry about; at the same time, BMS technology is still in a period of rapid iteration, various explorations and attempts are emerging one after another, and developers have to track various new technologies. development trend.
Faced with such challenges, chip manufacturers upstream in the industry chain, such as TI, NXP, Infineon, Maxim, etc., have successively launched a series of underlying chips and provided supporting software development tools. At the same time, many technology manufacturers are also striving to provide more complete solutions for downstream BMS developers, making it easier for them to carry out secondary development based on the solution.
For example, the BMS overall solution launched by Avnet adopts the mature core chip of NXP, and the functional safety level has reached ASIL-C/D, which can realize high-precision measurement of 2mV, has on-board passive battery balance of 300mA, and supports synchronous battery voltage. /Current measurement, robust against hot swap, and the chipset is highly scalable. For BMS developers, such a package of solutions can simplify BMS development and shorten its development cycle.
Figure 1, BMS overall solution developed by Avnet
In short, the rapidly evolving BMS solution, coupled with the constantly improving power battery technology, with these two, it is like installing two "wheels" for the electric vehicle technology, driving it along the existing route, without decelerating or deviating. , develop faster and run further.
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