Lead:
There are many types of industrial automation instruments. From the process of information acquisition, transmission, reflection and processing, industrial automation instruments are divided into five categories;
Detection instrument
During the production process, the temperature, pressure, flow, level and other physical quantities of the medium in different parts of the equipment and pipelines are changing rapidly and are always changing. The detection instrument is used to detect the value of the above-mentioned physical quantity at each instant.
According to the difference of the measured process parameters, the detection instruments can be divided into the following types:
1. Thermometers:
Commonly used temperature measuring instruments include glass thermometers, bimetallic thermometers, pressure (temperature bulb) thermometers, temperature switches, thermocouples, thermal resistances, radiation pyrometers, optical pyrometers, photoelectric colorimetric pyrometers and other radiation thermometers.
2. Pressure gauge:
Pressure measuring instruments are used to detect pressure, vacuum and differential pressure. According to its working principle, it can be divided into: elastic pressure gauge (according to its elastic components, it can be divided into spring tube pressure gauge, diaphragm pressure gauge, bellows pressure gauge, pressure switch, etc.); sensor pressure gauge (such as resistance type, Capacitive, inductive, Hall pressure gauges, etc.); liquid column pressure gauges (such as U-tube, straight pipe, inclined pipe pressure gauges); and piston type that is usually used to calibrate standard pressure gauges with higher accuracy pressure gauge.
3. Flow meter:
There are many types of flow measuring instruments, and the most widely used one is the throttling device and the matched differential pressure flow transmitter. Commonly used throttling devices are orifice plates, nozzles and venturi tubes. Other commonly used flow meters include water meters, rotameters, elliptical gear flow meters, target flow meters, electromagnetic flow meters, vortex flow meters, Anuba flow meters, mass flow meters, and so on.
4. Level instrument:
The level meter mainly measures the level of a certain medium in towers, tanks and tanks, or the interface of two liquids with different specific gravity, and the level of solid materials. The most common level gauges are glass tube level gauges, glass plate level gauges, and other differential pressure level gauges and buoyancy level gauges (such as float level gauges, liquid level switches, float level gauges) Gauge, buoy level gauge, steel belt level gauge, tank level weighing instrument, etc.). For solid material level detection, there are resistive level gauges, capacitive level gauges, level switches, weight detection level gauges, tuning fork level gauges, ultrasonic level gauges, radioactive level gauges, etc.
5. Composition analysis instrument:
The composition analyzer is used to verify the composition of the process medium and determine the content of a certain component (or certain components up to all components). According to its working principle, it can be divided into electrochemical analyzers (such as conductivity meter, industrial acidity meter, zirconia analyzer, etc.), thermal analyzers (such as thermal conductivity analyzer, thermochemical analyzer, infrared analyzer) and magnetic Conductive analyzer, photoelectric colorimetric analyzer, mass spectrometer, industrial gas chromatograph, etc.
When installing an online component analysis instrument, it is generally necessary to pre-process the sample taken to make the state, temperature, pressure, flow rate and other parameters of the sample meet the requirements of the working conditions of the analysis instrument, so it is necessary to configure some filters and dust collectors. , Drying container, cooler, rotameter, water seal, valve and pipeline, etc. to make general pretreatment of the sample. For some special media (such as flue gas dirty gas samples, furnace gas and other high-temperature gas samples, heavy oil analysis sampling, corrosive component sampling and environmental testing sampling, etc.), the sampling pretreatment system is more complete. This kind of finished product form The sampling pretreatment system is called sampling pretreatment device. In addition, there are some physical property testing instruments such as moisture meters, hygrometers, densitometers, concentration meters, turbidity meters, viscometers, etc., which are often classified as component analysis instruments.
6. Mechanical measuring instrument:
Commonly used mechanical measuring instruments in the industry include thickness gauges, thermal expansion detectors, tension detectors, deflection detectors, and shaft vibration, shaft displacement, speed detection devices and scales for rotating machinery (such as large steam turbine compressors, etc.) Heavy equipment (such as electronic belt scale, belt deviation, slip detection device, weighing indicator, weighing bagging device, etc.).
Display instrument
This type of instrument refers to a measuring instrument to indicate or record the instantaneous value of the measured parameter, such as a ratio meter, millivoltmeter and other moving coil indicator for indicating, a digital display instrument and an electronic potential for indicating or recording temperature Difference meter, electronic balance bridge (electronic potentiometer, balance bridge can also be added with electric regulator or pneumatic regulator to form a composite instrument) and cumulative meter with flow accumulation function.
Control instrument
On the one hand, the control instrument accepts the measurement signal of the process detection instrument and the transmitter for display, and on the other hand sends out the adjustment signal to control the action of the actuator (the actuator and the regulating valve), forming a closed-loop control system.
According to the signal type, control instruments can be divided into two categories: analog control instruments and digital control instruments.
1. Analog control instrument
Analog control instruments include base instruments, unit combination instruments (pneumatic, electric) and assembled instruments.
During the development of industrial automation instruments from on-site detection and display to centralized control, an instrument that integrates measurement, display, and adjustment functions has been produced, which we call base-type adjustment instruments or simply base-type instruments. Such as indicating and recording regulators with pneumatic regulators and some local regulators with only a single regulating function (such as temperature regulators, pressure regulators, differential pressure regulators, flow regulators). 2. Digital control instrument Digital control instrument includes distributed control system (DCS), programmable logic controller (PLC), industrial control machine (IPC), safety control system (FSC), etc.
Actuator, also known as control valve, consists of two parts: actuator and valve. According to the power source of the actuator, there are four categories: pneumatic control valve, electric control valve, hydraulic control valve and hybrid control valve. Pneumatic control valves are divided into membrane control valves, piston control valves and long-stroke control valves according to the form of their actuators.
Centralized monitoring and control device
The centralized detection device is a device that uses detection elements or detectors to centrally display the measured variable or alarm contact signal; the centralized control device is a device that controls a series of measured variable signals according to a set program to control the actuator. Centralized monitoring and control devices include various data acquisition devices, roving detection devices, signal alarm devices, safety detection devices, industrial televisions, remote control devices, and sequence control devices.
Centralized monitoring and control devices are generally divided into the following categories:
1. Safety monitoring devices include combustible gas detection and alarm devices, toxic gas detection and alarm devices, flame monitors, automatic ignition devices, combustion safety protection devices, oil leakage detection devices and high resistance detection devices. 2. Industrial TV is composed of cameras and auxiliary equipment (lighting, purging, cooling device and electric turntable), display and auxiliary equipment (operator, distributor, compensator, switcher), etc. 3. The remote control device accepts the input variable signal, processes the information, displays the alarm on the screen, and outputs a control signal to the control terminal. 4. Signal alarm devices include various types of signal alarm devices such as flash signal alarms, smart flash alarm devices, and relay circuit alarm systems. 5. Sequence control devices include relay interlock protection system, logic monitoring device, sequence control device and intelligent sequence controller. 6. Data acquisition and patrol detection alarm devices include data acquisition devices and patrol detection alarms, etc. Self-control other equipment
Such equipment mainly includes various types (channel type, cabinet type, frame type, screen type) instrument panel, instrument box, operation table, heat preservation (protection) box, power supply box, etc.
Automatic control materials Automatic control materials refer to the materials needed for instrument installation. There are many varieties, such as pressure guiding pipes (seamless steel pipes, stainless steel pipes, high pressure pipes), gas supply pipes (galvanized steel pipes, brass pipes), gas signal pipes (purple Copper pipes, copper pipes and cables, nylon pipes and cables, connection boxes), electrical piping materials (welded steel pipes, galvanized steel pipes), valves, flanges and pipe fittings in various piping, and electrical equipment materials for automatic control (cables, wires, wiring) Boxes, electrical equipment and components), instrument cable trays, used to make steel metal materials such as angle steel and channel steel for instrument equipment brackets, brackets, heat tracing and heat insulation materials and anti-corrosion oil brushing materials.
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