Parameter setting: The setting of the floating charging voltage parameter has a very important influence on the life of the battery. The amount of current generated by the floating charging voltage should meet the needs of self-discharging and daily load power consumption and maintaining oxygen circulation. Unreasonable float voltage mainly affects the battery in two aspects, namely the positive grid corrosion rate and the gas emissions in the battery. When the float voltage of the battery exceeds a certain value, the corrosion phenomenon of the grid is further aggravated, and the oxygen and hydrogen in the battery generate a higher air pressure, which is discharged through the exhaust valve, thereby causing the battery to lose water. Positive electrode corrosion means that the battery loses water, further aggravating battery degradation and shortening the life. If the floating charge voltage exceeds a certain range, the increased float current will generate more surplus gas, which will hinder the compounding of oxygen in the negative electrode, thereby weakening the oxygen cycle function. Balanced charging is to prevent some batteries from replenishing electricity due to inconsistencies in capacity and end pressure. The general practice is to increase the float voltage by 0.05~0.07V∥°C, but the maximum should not exceed 2.35V. Since the amount of gas generated during equalization charging is several times more than that during floating charging, the charging time should not be too long to avoid the recombination efficiency of the surplus gas affecting oxygen, increasing the amount of water loss, and thus increasing the corrosion rate of the grid. , damage the battery. For a new battery or a battery with a good condition, the voltage should be relatively low during balanced charging, and the charging voltage can be appropriately increased for a battery that has a long time of use or poor performance. Now the general 12V lighting system controller, the over-discharge voltage value is set at 10.8V (the battery discharges to the end voltage of 80%DOD0 inch at 0.1C current), but in the actual lamp system, the discharge current is generally 0.01C~ 0.02C or so, some even smaller, in this discharge case, when the discharge reaches the termination voltage of 10.8VB, the battery has been discharged 100%, which will seriously affect the battery life. A large number of research results at home and abroad have shown that the charging and discharging method determines the life of the battery. Some batteries are not so badly used, but rather the charging method is not properly damaged. Load working time problem Solar luminaires are comprehensively considered from the perspective of economy and reliability. Generally, the luminaire configuration is designed and calculated according to the annual average sunshine hours. In actual work, the controller time control function often sets a working hours. Such as 6 hours, 8 hours, 10 hours, etc., this will result in the same working hours every day of the year, that is, the daily electricity consumption is the same, but the solar lamps work by the sun, and the amount of solar radiation varies with the seasons. The big difference is that the average daily power generation of each luminaire (the solar cell module must be) varies greatly from season to season. Taking Shandong Dezhou as an example, the monthly average peak sunshine hours are shown in Figure 1. For example, the load is 10W, the average working time is 8 hours per day, and the battery component is about 40Wp. The relationship between the monthly power generation and the load power consumption in each year. The average annual peak sunshine hours in Texas is about 4.44h, spring: 4.43h, summer: 6.17h, autumn: 4.47h, winter: 2.65h. Since the average daily power generation is directly proportional to the average peak daily sunshine number, the power generation and power consumption in spring and autumn can basically reach a balance. In summer, the electricity is rich (6.17~4.44) ∥4.44 is about 39%; the winter electricity is lacking. (4.44 ~ 2.65) ∥ 0.44 is about 40.3%. This causes a certain waste in the summer, but the winter is seriously insufficient, which can easily cause the battery to be over-discharged and affect the battery life. In view of this situation, an ideal way is to use the excess electricity in summer for winter. It is good, but it needs a large energy storage system. It is extremely uneconomical and impractical for self-discharge, system matching, cost and other factors. of. Therefore, controlling the load time is a solution. According to the peak sunshine hours in Texas, the average peak sunshine hours in summer is higher than the average peak sunshine hours in winter. The average peak sunshine hours in winter = 6.17: 4.44: 2.65 = 7:5 :3, according to the annual peak sunshine hours, the design of solar lamps working 10 hours a day can be based on the ratio of 7:5:3 to allow a maximum of 14 hours of work in summer and 6 hours of work in winter (note: different seasons are not considered) The influence of temperature, etc.). In view of this, in order to prevent the battery from being over-discharged in winter, the load working time can be adjusted to be less than or equal to 6 hours. System Matching Problems Nowadays, manufacturers of solar lamps often pursue excessive styling design, and ignore the most important system matching research. Without careful consideration, they simply calculate things, and finally cause a lot of problems in the lamps; some manufacturers want to create The price advantage of own products, at the expense of system stability, these practices are not desirable. Matching design is an important factor related to system reliability and stability. To pay attention to it, the following aspects should be considered: (1) The ratio of solar cell power generation and load power consumption is reasonable. (2) The ratio of power consumption and battery capacity should meet the requirements of continuous rainy days and the discharge depth is reasonable. (3) The solar cell charging current and battery capacity ratio are reasonable. (4) The ratio of load discharge current to battery capacity is reasonable. Rainproof problem: The main phenomenon is that the charge and discharge controller is exposed to rain and moisture, causing short circuit of the circuit board and burning out the control device (triode), which seriously causes the board to be corroded and deteriorated and cannot be repaired. There are two main aspects of the water inlet: one is to enter the light pole from the reserved hole at the top of the pole and the solar battery assembly and the light source lead; the other is to immerse from the gap of the light bar door; , causing a large humidity in the warehouse, resulting in damage to the controller. Therefore, it is necessary to prevent rain and avoid moisture and damage of the controller. Battery heat dissipation problem Most of the lamps use 12V valve-controlled maintenance-free lead-acid batteries. It adopts a tight assembly structure and has poor heat dissipation performance. It is also a poor liquid battery. When the electrolyte temperature is too high during charging, it will accelerate evaporation. Loss of water from the battery will also damage the plate due to overheating expansion and deformation of the casing. More importantly, the battery will be out of control due to heat accumulation. The battery is an important component in the lighting system, generally accounting for 10% to 20% of the total cost, and its performance directly affects the reliability and life of the system. Solar luminaires are generally installed outdoors, with an ambient temperature of more than 25 ° C. For every 10 ° C increase in temperature, the life will be reduced by half. Therefore, maintaining a suitable temperature is very important for battery life. Battery weather resistance test The general lamp design life is about 15 years, and the battery is a weak link. The 12V valve-controlled maintenance-free lead-acid battery has a design life of five or six years. However, in practical applications, it usually needs to be replaced in two or three years, and some even end in less than one year. For a garden lamp with a design life of 15 years, the battery is 12V∥36Ah, according to 0.6 yuan ∥VAh, if the life is two years, each replacement cost is calculated according to 200 yuan, then at least 6 batteries need to be replaced during the lifetime. The battery alone will cost an additional 2755.2 yuan. If the battery life can reach 5 years, it needs to be replaced 3 times during the life period, the additional cost is 1377.6 yuan, and only 1477.6 yuan can be saved.
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