At present, the charge for lamp processing in Xiamen Topstar is about 6 yuan per kilogram, which is a unified pricing, and the cost is about 5.5 yuan per kilogram, and the profit does not exceed 10%. Xiamen Topstar Lighting Co., Ltd., which is responsible for the disposal of waste energy-saving lamps, has two machines with a total design volume of 3,600 tons per year, and the actual annual processing volume is less than 100 tons. The waste products processed by Topstar ’s own production process are still processed Mainly.
Shanghai Waste Trading Co., Ltd. received only 16 tons of lamps last year, less than one percent of its disposal capacity.
Abandoned energy-saving lamps are urgently needed to be recycled all over the country. At the same time, many companies with professional qualifications for energy-saving lamp processing have nothing to do with their processing machines for most of the time.
The lack of recycling channels and high processing costs have created a huge gap between the consumer and processing ends of energy-saving lamps.
Pollution worries
In 2008, the Ministry of Finance and the National Development and Reform Commission deployed the first batch of 50 million financially subsidized high-efficiency lighting products, which marked the official launch of the promotion of high-efficiency lighting products in China.
The indirect subsidy method, which takes enterprises as subsidies and transfers subsidy funds to consumers, supports the promotion of efficient lighting products. This is the first time that China has used financial subsidies to support the promotion of terminal energy-saving products involving consumers.
According to statistics, high-efficiency lighting products save 60% to 80% of electricity than ordinary incandescent lamps and have 4 to 6 times longer service life.
On November 1, 2011, the National Development and Reform Commission, the Ministry of Commerce, the General Administration of Customs, the State Administration for Industry and Commerce, and the General Administration of Quality Supervision, Inspection and Quarantine jointly issued the "Roadmap for China's Phase-out of Incandescent Lamps", which clearly clarified from October 1, 2012 It is prohibited to import and sell incandescent lamps for general lighting.
China's lighting electricity accounts for about 13% of the entire society's electricity consumption. If all 1.4 billion incandescent lamps in use in China are replaced by energy-saving lamps, 48 ​​billion kilowatt-hours of electricity can be saved annually, which is equivalent to a reduction of 48 million tons of carbon dioxide emissions. There is great potential for energy saving and emission reduction.
However, another hidden concern ensues.
If the waste energy-saving lamps are thrown into the trash bins at random, atomic mercury vapor will be generated after crushing and incineration into the atmosphere, and then settle into the soil or river, and interact with microorganisms to become organic mercury compounds (such as methyl mercury). Methylmercury can be dissolved in fat, easily absorbed by the intestine, lungs, and skin, penetrates into the blood, and accumulates in the kidneys, brain, and other organs of the human body, causing chronic poisoning.
Xie Kechang, an academician of the Chinese Academy of Engineering and a member of the Standing Committee of the National People's Congress, provided a set of data: "Electronic waste is very harmful to the environment. For example, the average mercury content in waste energy-saving fluorescent tubes is 0.5 mg / piece, and it will pollute about 180 tons after infiltrating underground. Water and surrounding soil, and the current consumption of energy-saving lamps in China is more than 1 billion. "
Zhou Fengqi, former director of the Energy Research Institute of the National Development and Reform Commission, pointed out that if there is no recycling of energy-saving lamps, the promotion of energy-saving lamps policy is missing a leg.
Deal with the company "not enough"
Xiamen Topstar Lighting Co., Ltd. also obtained a large number of user and community waste energy saving lamp recycling operation licenses issued by the Ministry of Environmental Protection in July this year. In addition to handling our products, Topstar is also responsible for the disposal of waste energy-saving lamps in Fujian Province.
Yang Longbao, the manager of the company's safety and environmental protection department, told the "First Financial Daily" reporter: "It is not that there is no processing equipment, but that the environmental protection concept of the entire enterprise and the people has not reached this level, and there is no government supervision in place."
Yang Longbao admitted that most of their customers are not proactive, but only when there are mandatory requirements. For example, if the products produced by some companies are exported to foreign countries, they usually need to pass a third-party audit and require the dangerous parts of the lamp to be handed over to a qualified department for processing.
"Some energy-saving lamp manufacturers came to talk to us on their own initiative, and we are responsible for handling the waste products they produce; the bulk of the society comes from the government's bulk purchases, and a small number of ordinary people are thrown into the recycling bins, and we will ship them back for processing. "Yang Longbao said.
In addition, the high processing price has also become the main reason for processing enterprises to "satiate."
The recycling of waste energy-saving lamps requires professional personnel and vehicles to transport them, plus disposal, which will incur costs.
Shanghai Waste Trading Co., Ltd. is currently the only company in Shanghai that has obtained the qualification to dispose of mercury-containing substances, and currently faces the same problem.
The company's general manager Yang Guixing told this reporter that the current waste lamps are mainly from energy-saving lamp manufacturers, institutions and institutions and residents.
The cost of processing and recycling the waste generated by the production enterprise can be counted as part of the production cost, so most of them can pay. The processing volume of about 100 tons of his company mainly comes from the production enterprise. However, agencies and institutions often do not have advances in this area. Even if there are waste lamps and no money, recycling companies are reluctant to accept them. The charges for residents are even more impossible to talk about, and in the absence of domestic waste classification, the waste lamps used by residents are often smashed together with domestic waste, and the processing companies are also unable to obtain them.
Moreover, the relatively high disposal costs have also deterred some enterprises and institutions that were willing to participate in the recycling and disposal of waste energy-saving lamps.
Shanghai Trading has once calculated that the total design volume of a set of equipment is 1700 tons. If the disposal volume can reach one-eighth of the total design volume, then the disposal cost of each lamp is 2.5 yuan. If the total design volume is reached One quarter, the disposal cost of each lamp is 1.56 yuan, if the equipment is operating at full capacity, the disposal cost of each lamp is only 0.8 yuan.
In other words, after the disposal volume reaches a certain scale, the cost will be diluted. The larger the volume, the lower the unit cost.
However, the current actual situation is that the machine is far from "unsatisfactory". The company received only 16 tons of lamps last year, which is less than 1% of its disposal capacity. If you do not want to lose money, the disposal cost of each lamp will be as high as ten yuan, but currently the company charges The fee of 2.5 yuan is obviously in a state of loss.
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