Whether you are driving an electric car, a hybrid car or a traditional internal combustion engine car, with the help of innovative ideas and products, the level of electrification of the car is constantly increasing, which brings new opportunities for the automotive industry to improve energy efficiency.
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Increasing public awareness of environmental protection, stricter regulation of carbon dioxide emissions, government subsidies and fluctuations in oil prices all add to the demand for fuel-efficient cars. Electric vehicles are poised for growth, and automakers such as Nissan, Daimler and Mitsubishi have launched the first "zero-emission" electric vehicles this year. Hybrid vehicles such as Toyota Prius and Honda Insight are becoming more and more popular.
At the same time, all automakers are still under tremendous pressure to improve the fuel efficiency of traditional internal combustion engine vehicles, which still account for more than 90% of today's global new car sales. The EU has set a goal of achieving a carbon reduction target of 130g / km by 2015 and has introduced a stringent set of penalties, including a fine of 95 euros per gram for excessive emissions. The Obama administration has set a deadline for automakers to set a corporate average fuel economy standard (CAFE standard), which is a CAFE standard of 34.1 mpg (miles per gallon) in 2016. The Chinese government has studied to achieve a fuel efficiency target of 42.2 mpg in 2015.
NXP Semiconductors has a wide range of automotive semiconductor products that not only support automotive manufacturers in designing and producing fuel-efficient vehicles, but also support energy-saving innovations in traditional, micro and mild hybrid vehicles and electric vehicles. NXP always sees the car as a complete system – for example, considering how the power system works with chassis, body electronics and infotainment systems to communicate and deliver information, while helping auto companies replace electronics with heavy mechanical and hydraulic components. Thereby improving the efficiency of the entire system.
Here are five examples of NXP's efforts to help OEMs improve fuel efficiency, including electric power steering (EPS), start-stop systems, dual clutch transmissions, body electronics and telematics.
Start-stop system
The car start-stop system (or the parking start system) shuts down the engine each time the vehicle is completely stopped (such as a red light or traffic jam). When the vehicle resumes driving, the engine is immediately restarted. Depending on the implementation, the car start-stop system can be triggered by the driver releasing the brake pedal, touching the accelerator pedal or shifting, or a combination of multiple actions.
The start-stop system is particularly effective in stop-and-go urban traffic. Supplier Business estimates that the start-stop system can reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions by 4-10%. The start-stop system has been used in Micro-hybrid cars and some petrol and diesel engine cars. In Mild Hybrid vehicles, the start-stop system increases the power of the starter/generator by “active boostingâ€â€”that is, the extra torque is supplied by the electric motor to the engine during acceleration, and is provided when the vehicle is decelerating. Efficient energy regeneration. The automakers that have introduced the start-stop system include Volkswagen, Citroen, BMW, Toyota, Fiat, Ma Hengda, Tata Motors, and Geely (to name a few).
For start-stop systems, the key issue is the transfer and coordination of information between different power components. For example, when the ABS speed sensor detects that the vehicle is stopped and is not in gear, the engine control unit shuts down the engine. Alternatively, when the clutch pedal is depressed and the gear is engaged, the starter is activated and the engine control unit restarts the engine.
For fast and reliable in-vehicle communication, NXP has developed high-performance transceivers for CAN and FlexRay networks, as well as power MOSFETs that meet the special requirements of engine, ABS and gearbox control units. In fact, NXP offers a wide range of CAN and FlexRay transceiver products on the market today. In addition, NXP offers MOSFETs and sensors that detect pedal position and ABS speed. Not only that, but NXP is also known for producing leading automotive security chips. These safety systems ensure that the car is only activated when the car key is in the correct position, whether the key is in the keyhole or in the driver's pocket ("keyless start" function).
In addition, NXP can also let the car continue to play music while the start-stop system is working. NXP's frequency amplifiers maintain their performance unaffected when the engine is started or restarted, allowing for a seamless in-car entertainment experience even when the power supply drops to 6 volts.
A good way to implement a start-stop system is to use an integrated starter generator (ISA) that integrates the generator and starter into a reversible unit with a powerful electronic inverter that can be used to implement two Fast switching of functions. This integration not only reduces the weight of the car, increases the efficiency, but also enables the vehicle to gain energy when decelerating, making the ISA a major player in urban traffic.
ISA inverters use three-phase or multi-phase technology, which requires only a small resistance switch to handle very large currents, thus reducing energy consumption. Typical requirements include an on-resistance of approximately 0.5 mΩ and a current handling capability of over 200A. NXP offers custom automotive power MOSFETs that are designed to be more stable and efficient with a compact, thermally enhanced, loss-free package of known qualified chips.
Electronic Power Steering System (EPS)
The electronic power steering system provides steering assistance as needed. The system uses an electric motor that consumes less fuel than a conventional hydraulic power steering system because the belt-driven hydraulic pump is no longer needed and the hydraulic pump needs to be always running, even when the engine is idle and does not require steering assistance. The EPS system was first used by Honda and BMW, and today most car manufacturers are applying it to next-generation vehicles to varying degrees.
Equipped with EPS can reduce fuel consumption and carbon emissions by about 10 g/km [1]. In addition, since the EPS system no longer requires steering valves and hydraulic pumps, oil reservoirs and pressure hoses, it saves space and weight. Assembly and installation time is saved due to reduced system components.
NXP's magnetoresistive angle sensor provides accurate and reliable measurement of steering position and torque. NXP's power MOSFETs have an extremely low on-resistance RDS(on), which helps to expand the range of EPS used in electric vehicles. In addition, NXP's FlexRay transceivers connect different electronic control units, allowing the EPS system to operate quickly, in real time, and without the effects of faults, ensuring that matched steering forces are applied at different speeds.
The next step in the steering system is the steer-by-wire steering, which uses electronic equipment instead of the mechanical connection between the drive control and the steering mechanism, which further reduces the weight, volume, power consumption, and even further improves the driving because the steering column is no longer needed. The safety factor of the person. NXP is committed to providing the industry with durable, high-quality products and first-class technical expertise to help automakers design fast in-vehicle networks and support the automotive industry's move toward wire-steering.
Dual clutch transmission
The dual clutch transmission (DCT) used to be used only for racing cars. These years have been introduced to everyday vehicles by Volkswagen and other automakers. Because dual-clutch transmissions improve fuel economy and provide a smooth driving experience, other automakers such as Ford are considering dual-clutch transmissions for main-flow models.
The dual clutch transmission, also known as the semi-automatic or manual transmission, can be upshifted in just 8 milliseconds [2], allowing you to enjoy smooth dynamic acceleration and unparalleled driving pleasure on the pedals. The dual clutch transmission has excellent fuel economy due to the uninterrupted transmission of power from the engine. According to iSuppli's data, the dual clutch transmission can save up to 10% compared to the traditional 5-speed automatic transmission.
NXP has developed a high-performance mixed-signal product line for dual-clutch transmissions, including precision non-contact sensors that use vibration-insensitive magnetoresistive technology to optimize shifting. Ensuring fast, reliable information transfer between the engine, the wheel and the transmission is essential, and NXP's product range and technical expertise in FlexRay and CAN systems is undoubtedly the ideal choice for a dual clutch transmission.
Local networking mode in body electronics
Prior to the 1990s, automotive electronic control units (ECUs) were connected by separate, dedicated signal lines. Today, however, all ECUs are connected by bus systems such as LIN, CAN and FlexRay, which offer significant advantages in data availability and interface standardization, greatly simplifying cabling. On the other hand, all ECUs connected to the bus need to continuously monitor the bus signal traffic and respond immediately when needed, which prevents it from entering the power save mode.
NXP is currently promoting the concept of “local networkingâ€. Only some of the selected devices in the network are active, while others enter a special low-power "optional sleep mode" that only responds to certain specific predefined wake-up messages.
NXP has developed a system-based chip (SBC) with local networking capabilities with its extensive experience in body electronics and in-vehicle networking, as well as technical expertise in maintaining low quiescent current. These system-based chips, combined with other NXP smart products, reduce the current consumption of the ECU's standby state to 25μA. Given that the EU imposes a fine of 95 euros per gram for vehicles with a carbon emissions of more than 130g / km, if each ECU can reduce carbon emissions by 50 mg / km, car manufacturers will no longer have a headache. In this way, the local networking of body electronics is probably more valuable than the gold with the same amount of emission reductions!
ECO telematics
The above examples focus on in-vehicle communication, and communication between the car and the outside world plays a key role in green driving.
The telematics system supports eco-routing—providing drivers with the best route to improve traffic flow through GPRS, while supporting road pricing systems to encourage drivers to choose uncongested roads. In addition, telematics systems can be used for networked cruise control: The Traffic Control Center can provide speed recommendations to each driver separately. This new concept improves traffic flow through advance notice and is supported by NXP and other leading European and academic institutions.
For electric vehicles, telematics systems provide remote monitoring and battery diagnostics, check the vehicle's “health†and optimize its “state of chargeâ€. In addition, telematics can provide drivers with up-to-date information on the nearest charging station to ensure they are charged in a timely manner, thereby reducing the driver's “mileage anxietyâ€. Other energy-efficient applications for telematics systems are the “eco-dynamic systemsâ€. By understanding the vehicle's position and the condition of the road ahead, the telematics unit can optimize the charging and discharging behavior of the electric power system and, if possible, optimize the use of the mileage amplifier. In other words, the telematics system helps ensure that the vehicle battery is enough to get you to the top of the mountain and that you are charging the battery when you are down.
In the field of telematics, NXP has developed the Automotive Unit Platform (ATOP) solution, a compact, single-device, low-cost turnkey solution that delivers optimal connectivity and ultra-low power consumption. ATOP uses a multi-processor architecture that complies with relevant automotive standards and has passed GSM and bank-level security certifications.
Indeed, industry observers predict that intelligent transportation systems can improve fuel economy and reduce CO2 emissions by 15% [3].
Driving innovation with high-performance mixed-signal products
For more information on using NXP's high-performance mixed-signal Solutions to drive energy-efficient automotive designs, visit http://
[1] Source: ZF Lenksysteme
[2] Source: Volkswagen Direct Shift Gearbox (Volkswagen Direct Shift Gearbox)
[3] Source: iSuppli December 2008
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