The smart car, also known as the driverless car, is a kind of wheeled mobile robot. It is a comprehensive system integrating environment sensing, path planning and automatic driving. Smart car technology links many areas, such as computer science, artificial intelligence, image processing, pattern recognition, and control theory. Smart cars are different from what is commonly referred to as autonomous driving. It refers more to the automatic driving of cars using GPS and smart road technology. This kind of car doesn't need people to drive because it is equipped with TV cameras, electronic computers and automatic control systems that are equivalent to human "eyes", "brains" and "foot". These devices are very complicated. Computer program, so this kind of car can "think", "judge", "walk" like people, can automatically start, accelerate, brake, can automatically bypass the ground obstacles in a complex and variable situation, can adapt , automatically choose the best solution, command the car to run normally and smoothly.
The circuit system is the core of the intelligent car hardware system. For the hardware circuit system, the stability is a performance indicator that needs to be prioritized. After all, the complete process is the prerequisite for achieving the results. On this basis, we should also consider other indicators such as the power, focus and compactness of the smart car.
Motor drive module
The motor drive module powers the driving of the smart car, and its performance directly affects the control performance of the rear wheel motor, including acceleration, deceleration and braking. In this paper, a MOSFET driver chip plus a full-bridge driver scheme is used, and only a reasonable selection of the MOSFET driver chip and the power MOSFET is required to ensure performance. The circuit diagram is shown in Figure 6.
Steering drive module
The steering gear is responsible for the steering of the intelligent car. The stable operation of the steering gear module directly affects the stability of the smart car when driving at high speed on the track and the sensitivity and accuracy of steering. The working principle of the steering gear is: the angle of the steering wheel is determined by the pulse width of the PWM control signal sent by the single-chip microcomputer, and the internal circuit of the steering gear adjusts the steering wheel angular position through feedback control. Since the angle is closed-loop control and the performance is good, it is not necessary to consider the additional closed loop of the servo. The servo drive module circuit is shown in Figure 7. The servo drive module is also part of the power section and is isolated by a 6N137 optocoupler.
Intelligent vehicles are a complex and comprehensive system involving many fields. To achieve practical purposes, further research is needed, and there is still much work to be done. In the hardware, it is also necessary to solve the problem that the accuracy of the camera itself is different or the data is lost due to external factors, which affects the normal operation of the smart car, and enhances the anti-jamming capability; in software, further optimization algorithms are needed, and the control system is the core of the smart car. Content, for the functional requirements of smart cars, the key modules of intelligent car control system are studied. The modules designed are applied to the "Freescale" smart car. The various pictures in this paper are inspiring for the research of smart cars.
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