Author: Skip Ashton
There has been considerable discussion recently about the Internet of Things and the billions of connectable devices that will soon be deployed. Most of these devices are not smartphones or other communication devices, but remote controls and sensors that allow our homes, factories, cars, and other systems to be wirelessly connected, and allow them to be under remote processor or manual control. More efficient operation.
In order to meet this ubiquitous IoT connectivity need, there must be a network standard that meets the needs of connectable devices. Cellular technology is too complex, and using it will add significant cost and does not support the battery life requirements of most of these devices.
The ZigBee standard for sensing and control applications has been around for many years. The ZigBee IP specification, released by the ZigBee Alliance in 2013, promises to provide a seamless Internet connection for wireless sensor networks, especially for smart grid applications, which will be further supported by the ZigBeeSmartEnergyIP protocol stack.
ZigBee provides a complete wireless mesh network solution that uses an Internet connection to control low-power, low-cost devices and connect multiple different types of devices to form a single control network. The current ZigBee IP is IPv6 compliant, making it ideal for applications that choose IPv6 based on the number of connected devices expected.
Sensor network communication basics
Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are currently being deployed in a wide range of applications, ranging from home automation to industrial control, as a result of extensive research and development in the late 1990s. A wireless mesh network of thousands of nodes is used for a wider range of lighting, building monitoring, smart meters, and even for monitoring agricultural crops.
In order to successfully deploy WSN, several underlying technologies are necessary:
• Ultra-low power radio: Used to ensure long battery life (some applications such as smart meters require up to 20 years) to minimize the cost and hassle associated with battery replacement. Low-power radios are a significant advantage even when utility power is available.
• Standard-based mesh network software: Used to ensure reliable data transfer, especially for unattended machine-to-machine (M2M) type applications.
• Appropriate wireless protocols and software stacks: Used to allow information exchange and autonomous operation of standard data formats between devices.
ZigBee defines and builds the underlying layer using the IEEE 802.15.4 standard and provides a good foundation for low-power radio components. The standard was originally released in 2003 and since then it has begun to expand and improve, first in 2006 and then in 2011. The 15.4e and 15.4g revisions have been used by commercial radio technology vendors in their applications to halve their RF device power consumption and are expected to be further reduced in next generation devices. These revisions will have an important positive effect on battery life.
Although 802.15.4 has fully utilized the basic radio technology, the development of mesh network protocols still takes a long time. Mesh network stacks, such as EmberZNet developed by Ember (acquired by SiliconLabs in 2012) and TinyOS developed by the University of California at Berkeley, were used in the initial 802.15.4 wireless IC products and subsequently optimized to meet system requirements. . Market growth relies on standardized solutions that enable interoperability and provide more resources to support the use of this technology by many companies. The ZigBee Alliance is one of several organizations that have been working to provide standardized solutions for wireless mesh networks in recent years.
The application protocol stack - the last item in development - is located on top of the mesh protocol stack. The application layer tends to focus on more specific application details, and in order to achieve true interoperability, common interfaces and related protocols must be developed.
These protocols rely on a common language to enable wireless devices from different manufacturers to communicate with each other. Such interoperability requires that competing companies cooperate and agree on information transfer protocols to develop common standards when products are interdependent. One area where such cooperation takes place is in light control products (including dimmers and transfer switches). In other areas, such as home and building automation, the power of the market does not provide enough power for the equipment manufacturers to work together.
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