Energy efficient and internet of things
Recently, the Internet of Things (IoT) has become very popular, and various electronic devices connected to the Internet and connected to each other constitute the world of the Internet of Things. The breadth of the Internet of Things is truly amazing – from smart consumer electronics applications and vehicles to almost everything in the field of wearables, and coverage will expand dramatically due to the explosive growth of mobile applications (Figure 1). These products and the resulting ecosystems will change people's daily lives. For individual consumers, the Internet of Things enables people to handle everyday things at a lower cost and with greater efficiency, making life safer and even making people's lives healthier. For the business world, the Internet of Things will revolutionize automation, energy efficiency, asset tracking and inventory control, logistics and positioning, security, personal tracking and resource conservation.
Figure 1: Here is the calculated growth data. Mobile applications are constantly driving the growth of the Internet of Things, which in turn is driving the development of mobile applications.
With these benefits, it's easy to understand why the Internet of Things can become so popular. However, in order to fully realize the above benefits, the Internet of Things industry must first solve many key challenges. Perhaps the most important challenge at present is to achieve energy efficiency.
Definition of the Internet of Things
The word "Internet of Things" is full of people's lives recently, so what is it? Simply put, the Internet of Things is made up of a variety of hardware, software, and services (most of which are the latter two). These three parts work closely together to collect and transmit information, analyze data, and then make decisions based on these data to enhance specific tasks. Efficiency (Figure 2). For example, in the case of personal health, the Internet of Things can provide a more efficient way to communicate information about the efficacy of a given drug or treatment to a doctor. In the field of home life, the Internet of Things can help consumers use the refrigerator more efficiently, such as notifying consumers whether the food is nearing the shelf life, whether it needs to be replenished, or ordering food online and sending it to the home.
Figure 2: The Internet of Things brings together multiple ecosystems.
Applications that make up the IoT ecosystem range from smart appliances (such as refrigerators, ovens and HVAC systems) to automotive to wearable devices. Although they may not be the same in terms of application form and usage, the above application areas have four key commonalities: perception, data collection, interconnection, and data processing. Essentially, IoT devices can sense things and then collect the perceived data, which is then transmitted over the Internet to another device or location for processing or analysis.
Most of the devices in the IoT ecosystem are battery powered and must be operated for years without maintenance or replacement. If you use a single battery and provide long-term service, the power consumption of these devices must be minimized. There are also some IoT devices that will be powered by external sources, ie energy harvesting. In both cases, energy efficiency is critical to harnessing the potential of the Internet of Things for the benefit of the general public.
Achieve energy efficiency: the main challenge in the Internet of Things
The Internet of Things itself is a big concept that can revolutionize social life and people's work. In fact, the development of IoT applications is taking place in many areas. In the near future, many things will look different from the current ones, and this is not just limited to the consumer electronics field. Imagine a wearable device that typically requires 8 or 9 components like the Nike FuelBand may only need 1 component after 3 to 4 years, and the price will become cheaper (Figure 3).
Figure 3: How to reduce power consumption, reduce size, and reduce costs is a major challenge in the IoT space.
Consumer demand for smaller, thinner devices is driving this trend, especially in the field of wearables. This trend is compounded by the fact that the number of transistors is expected to increase in about 18 months as predicted in Moore's Law. Reduce 8 to 9 components to 1 level of integration. Not only that, but when you integrate more functions onto a single chip, you have to add more memory, which in turn increases power consumption, and this doesn't mean that networking devices are pursuing lower power consumption. Demand.
In the next few years, the Internet of Things will provide us with a very good user experience. It will provide better interconnection, be simpler and more convenient, and be "always on", or the experience for the user is "always on". If the IoT device is "always on", always on standby and executing the user's instructions, then there is no need to click the button to activate the device. Wearable health tracking devices are a visible example. It records the user's heart rate and the all-day sleep/activity time every day. Future IoT devices also need to implement a similar “24 hours a day, 7 days a week†job.
Obviously, the need for “always-on†functionality is the driving force behind more energy efficiency. If IoT devices can't run at very low power, whether through battery power for years or external sources of energy, the idea of ​​"always on" is still not possible.
The "always on" device is still in a dilemma. If you have been working, IoT devices will collect a huge amount of data, and how to use this data becomes a top priority. In other words, collecting data is relatively straightforward, and it is difficult to actually use the data.
IntelliSense and big data analytics become very important at this point. With smarter data acquisition and processing with larger data sets, dynamic trends or important projects based on demand can be quickly identified and executed. . I have to remind you once again that energy efficiency is still critical because data collection increases power consumption, as does memory storage data.
Overcome challenges
Achieving energy efficiency that is critical to IoT devices makes it easy to run a device for a few years with a single battery. This requires the use of low power components and a more efficient power system. At the same time, the architecture and the chip itself need to be changed.
Now, all aspects of the IoT design are focused on how to achieve energy efficiency as much as possible (Figure 4). For smartphones, this means an order of magnitude improvement that won't happen overnight. This upgrade needs to be achieved step by step through several generations of products.
Figure 4: Every aspect of the Internet of Things requires energy efficiency.
As an industry leader in low-power programmable semiconductor devices, Lattice Semiconductor is committed to enabling organizations to achieve lower-power IoT interconnects. At present, Lattice is mainly focused on researching new ways to improve energy efficiency, including the realization of process technology innovation and the introduction of more advanced semiconductor devices. At the same time, Lattice continues to provide system design engineers with more flexibility to support power gating, programmable rate and power management functions. More than just low power consumption, Lattice's unique architecture also enables mode-state power management, based on certain parameters to determine the true state of the device—on or off, sleep or partial wake-up, dynamically from one The state transitions to another state.
Compared to processor-only components, Lattice is using advanced process technology and existing speed/power flexibility to extend its product power advantages. With integrated semiconductor devices and software solutions, Lattice is able to achieve an order of magnitude improvement in energy efficiency.
The Internet of Things is a compelling and promising field that can change every aspect of people's daily lives. The field of Internet of Things has achieved little success, but the space for development is still huge. To fully realize the potential of the Internet of Things, it is necessary to make the equipment in the IoT ecosystem smaller and cheaper, and at this time, a higher level of integration becomes crucial. It also requires device development engineers to bring an "always on" experience to users and find new ways to more intelligently perceive and analyze the data captured by the device. The following are common trends in all types of applications in the field: integration, "always on" user experience, intelligent perception/data analysis. These trends are also bringing the IoT ecosystem to people. The main obstacles faced in the process of daily life.
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