Abnormal sweating abnormalities in patients with abnormal glucose metabolism
Type 2 diabetes develops from pre-diabetes. Prediabetes refers to fasting blood glucose and OGTT 2-hour hyperglycemia but does not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes. It usually takes 5-10 years to develop diabetes. Studies show that even if the pre-diabetic population does not meet the diagnostic criteria for diabetes, but elevated blood glucose and insulin resistance can still cause damage to the vascular endothelial cells, leading to nerve damage, so there has been a pre-diabetogenic neuropathy, usually small nerve damage, mainly as Autonomic dysfunction.
The perspiration function of the sweat gland is dominated by the slender, unmyelinated sympathetic C fibers, that is, the sweating nerves, which are autonomic nerves.
Grandinetti A study found abnormal sweating neurological function in the IGT population. Therefore, the detection of sweating nerve function is also used as one of the indirect methods for early detection of diabetes.
The Escan Diabetes Screening and Complications Detection System is based on the principle of electrochemistry using reverse iontophoresis and chronoamperometry to detect skin diaphoresis. Hand-applied DC low voltage (4v) is applied to the skin of the hand; current is transmitted through the stainless steel sensor , attracts chloride ions from sweat glands (palm and sole), thereby forming chloride current (reverse iontophoresis) at low voltage, the skin's stratum corneum is an insulating capacitor, so only the sweat gland tube has chloride ion transport, which It is ensured that only sweat gland function is detected. The resulting current and voltage plot curves are calculated (chronoamperometry), which is the electrochemical skin conductance (ESC, in uS). The lower the chloride concentration, the lower the ESC value.
Low voltage (<4V) => Guide chloride ions in sweat glands => Electrochemical reaction with nickel ions in electrode plates => Generate current.
Escan Diabetes Early Screening and Complications Detection System Transforms Perspiration Function into the Risk of Type 2 Diabetes Establish a mathematical model based on the correlation between the function of sweating neurological function and the development of type 2 diabetes. Transform the ESC into diabetes risk, sugar Abnormal risk of tolerance and insulin resistance risk values.
Escan Non-invasive Diabetes and Clinical Application of Early Screening Assessment System for Complications
Diabetes is high in China, and there is a huge reserve army. It is imperative to prevent diabetes. Diabetes is a group of metabolic diseases characterized by hyperglycemia caused by insulin secretion defects or insulin resistance. The long-standing hyperglycemia of diabetes leads to chronic damage and dysfunction of various tissues, especially the eyes, kidneys, heart, blood vessels and nerves, which brings great suffering to patients and brings huge economic burdens to society. In 2013, the International Diabetes Federation (IDF) data showed that the number of diabetic patients in the world has grown to 382 million, and it is estimated that by 2020, 524 million people worldwide will have diabetes in China, which has surpassed India and the United States as the incidence of diabetes. The first country. The latest data shows that the prevalence of diabetes in Chinese adults has reached 11.6%, and it is estimated that as many as 113.9 million Chinese have diabetes, but more than 60% of them have unknown conditions. Not only that, the data shows that the prevalence of prediabetes in Chinese adults is as high as 50.1%. Such a huge army of diabetics makes the prevention of diabetes become the top priority for diabetes prevention in China.
Screening diabetes at high risk and prediabetes is the key to preventing diabetes
The main type of diabetes is type 2 diabetes, accounting for more than 90%. The onset of type 2 diabetes is closely related to the environment, dietary habits and obesity and other high risk factors, but the progress is slow. The initial manifestations are decreased bioavailability and increased insulin secretion, ie, insulin resistance (IR), but blood glucose is normal or slightly elevated, such as impaired glucose tolerance (IGT) with normal fasting blood glucose but elevated postprandial blood glucose. This stage, also known as pre-diabetes, is generally non-clinical and is therefore often overlooked. If high-risk factors persist, no interventions will be carried out, and the gradual progress of insulin secretion will be reduced. The blood glucose level will reach the level of diabetes, that is, the diabetes stage. If insufficient attention is followed, the blood glucose control will be poor.
More will enter the diabetic complication phase. Even some patients with type 2 diabetes are not diagnosed and treated because of the initial symptoms, and they have already progressed to the stage of complications. Therefore, pre-diabetes is considered to be a sign or a watershed. If it occurs, it indicates that the risk of diabetes in the future will increase and cardiovascular and cerebrovascular diseases will emerge.
The risk of disease, microvascular disease, and tumors and dementia also increases. Existing studies have demonstrated that effective intervention in prediabetes significantly reduces the likelihood of conversion to diabetes. Therefore, timely detection of high-risk diabetes pre-diabetic population and pre-diabetic population and effective management is the key to prevent diabetes.
Clinical screening methods have certain limitations
At present, the commonly used methods for detecting diabetes are fasting blood glucose (FPG), oral glucose tolerance test (OGTT) and glycosylated hemoglobin (HbA1c), which are invasive tests. Among them, FPG test is a common method commonly used, but it is easy to miss the diagnosis, especially those diabetics or pre-diabetic patients whose postprandial blood glucose increase is predominant. OGTT testing is currently the gold standard for the diagnosis of diabetes, but the method is cumbersome, requires multiple blood draws, and has a long testing period, and is not suitable for screening in large-scale rapid population screening (Diabetes Care 2003; 26:688-96). The average level of blood glucose in a period of HbA1c reaction has been used as an evaluation index of blood glucose control level. In recent years, it has also been proposed to be applied to the detection of diabetes. However, due to the difference between the normal value and the abnormal value is too small, the detection error can easily affect the results of judgment, and The standards are not uniform and there are regional differences. Therefore, the current guideline does not recommend HbA1c as a routine screening method.
Escan Non-invasive Diabetes and Early Screening Assessment System for Complications
The Diabetes Risk Early Detection System can be used for diabetes and prediabetes screening, with convenient, rapid, non-invasive test methods and procedures (convenient, fast, non-invasive):
l Both feet stand on the foot plate and both hands press on the hand plate
l Enter general information
l Click SCAN to start scanning
l 3 minutes after the results, print the report
Test results (quantitative, simple, easy to understand):
Escan reports impaired glucose tolerance, insulin resistance, and risk of diabetes, expressed as a percentage, at the same time
According to the development of type 2 diabetes, different colors and ellipses indicate different levels of risk and possible development of diabetes.
The accuracy has been verified by a large number of clinical studies at home and abroad:
A large sample study of Chinese population showed that the sensitivity of escan screening for abnormal glucose metabolism was over 94%.
Escan Early Screening and Complications Detection System The 8-month follow-up study predicts a 77% sensitivity for the risk of abnormal glucose metabolism in the future.
The EscanEscan Non-Invasive Diabetes and Complications Early Screening Assessment System can both quantitatively and intuitively reflect the dynamic changes in the body and can therefore also be used to follow-up the effects of interventions such as exercise and to motivate the subject to adhere to the intervention.
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SMD/SMT Inductor(Coils)
An SMD inductor is a surface mount device inductor. It is a model of inductor that has no wire leads on its ends. This type of inductor is mounted directly to the surface of a circuit board via tining or soldering. They are positive reactance devices, available in many sizes and form factors optimized for particular applications. They are used in circuits that require filtering, power supplies, and many other functions. Inductance is associated with any PCB trace, via and ground plane and is usually considered a parasitic effect in all passive components and integrated circuits with wire bonds.ve components and integrated circuits with wire bonds.
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