The working principle of ordinary automobile gear transmission

For a pair of gears with meshing transmission, set the number of teeth of the pinion Z1 = 20 and the number of teeth of the large gear Z2 = 40. When the pinion rotates one turn in the same time, the large gear rotates half a turn. Obviously, when the pinion gear is the driving gear, its speed decreases when it is output through the large gear; if the large gear is the driving gear, its speed increases when it is output through the small gear. This is the principle of gear transmission.

1. The three-shaft five-speed transmission has five forward gears and one reverse gear, which is composed of the housing, the first shaft (input shaft), the intermediate shaft, the second shaft (output shaft), the reverse shaft, the gears on each shaft, and the operation The organization is composed of several parts.

a. The first shaft The first shaft and the first shaft constant mesh gear are a whole, which is the power input shaft of the transmission. The front spline of the first shaft is inserted into the clutch disc hub.

b. The intermediate shaft is made (or fixed) with six gears on the intermediate shaft and rotates as a whole. The front-most gear meshes with a shaft constant mesh gear, which is called an intermediate shaft constant mesh gear. The power input from the clutch to a shaft is transmitted to each gear of the intermediate shaft through the pair of constant mesh gears. The gears are called the third gear, the second gear, the reverse gear, the first gear and the fifth gear of the intermediate shaft in turn.

c. On the second shaft, the second shaft is fixed with three spline hubs through splines, and the gears of the two shafts are installed through the bearings. Among them, from front to back, there are third and second gears between the first and second spline hubs, and first and fifth gears are installed between the second and third spline hubs. The gears of the corresponding gears are engaged. The three spline hubs are respectively sleeved with internal splines, and a synchronization mechanism is provided. Through the forward and backward movement of the joint sleeve, the spline hub can be connected with the joint ring gear on the adjacent gear to transmit the power on the gear to the two shafts. Among them, the reverse gear is also made on the second joint sleeve. The front end of the second shaft is inserted into the center hole of the shaft gear, and a needle bearing is provided between the two. The rear end of the second shaft is connected to the universal transmission through a flange.

d. Reverse shaft The reverse shaft adopts interference fit to press fit in the corresponding shaft hole of the shell. The reverse gear is loosely sleeved on the reverse shaft through bearings.

2. Power transmission of each gear

a. First gear input shaft â†’ first shaft constant gear â†’ intermediate shaft â†’ intermediate shaft first gear â†’ second shaft first gear â†’ first gear synchronizer engagement ring gear â†’ engagement sleeve â†’ second shaft â†’ output

b. Second gear input shaft â†’ first shaft constant gear â†’ intermediate shaft â†’ intermediate shaft second gear â†’ second shaft second gear â†’ second gear synchronizer engagement ring gear â†’ engagement sleeve â†’ second shaft â†’ output

c. The third gear input shaft â†’ the first shaft constant mesh gear â†’ the intermediate shaft â†’ the intermediate shaft third gear â†’ the second shaft and the third gear â†’ the third gear synchronizer engages the ring gear â†’ engagement sleeve â†’ second shaft â†’ output

d. 4th gear input shaft â†’ 1st gear constant mesh gear â†’ 4th gear on the first shaft engages the ring gear â†’ 3rd and 4th gear synchronizer engagement sleeve â†’ second shaft â†’ output (direct gear)

e. Fifth-speed input shaft â†’ first-shaft constant-gear gear â†’ intermediate shaft â†’ intermediate-shaft fifth-speed gear â†’ second-shaft fifth-speed gear â†’ fifth-speed synchronizer gear ring â†’ Coupling sleeve â†’ second shaft â†’ output (overspeed )

f. Reverse input shaft â†’ first shaft constant mesh gear â†’ intermediate shaft â†’ intermediate shaft reverse gear â†’ reverse gear on reverse shaft â†’ reverse gear on second shaft â†’ second shaft reverse gear engages ring gear â†’ Reverse synchronizer coupling sleeve â†’ second shaft â†’ output

3. Two-shaft transmission

The two-shaft transmission is mainly composed of input and output shafts. Compared with the traditional three-shaft transmission, because the intermediate shaft is omitted, the power of the input shaft can be transmitted to the output shaft through a pair of gears in the general gear, so the transmission efficiency is higher; also because any one gear It has to go through a pair of gear transmission, so the transmission efficiency of any first gear is not as high as the transmission efficiency of the direct gear of the three-shaft transmission.

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