In February of this year, Renesas Electronics Co., Ltd. (hereinafter referred to as “Renesas Electronicsâ€), a leading global semiconductor solution supplier, announced the successful development of a special circuit technology for motor control, which can help car manufacturers meet more stringent carbon emission standards. .
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The newly developed technology, called the Intelligent Motor Timer System (IMTS), is a dedicated circuit module that can be integrated into future electric and hybrid vehicle microcontrollers. For field-oriented control (FOC), which is critical in electric motor motor control, it operates at only 0.8 microseconds (μs), the fastest rate in the world, and less than the CPU operating at the same operating frequency. One tenth of the software processing time. This will help develop high-speed electric motor motors with excellent energy efficiency and inverter systems with high-speed switching performance.
In addition, this unique circuit provides functional safety support for automotive power systems.
In recent years, as fuel efficiency requirements have increased, the share of electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles, and plug-in hybrid vehicles in the automotive market has gradually increased. In order to further improve the application range of electric vehicles, it is necessary to enhance the energy efficiency of motor control.
Therefore, it is important not only to mechanically improve the motor, but also to improve the function and performance of the motor's electronic control unit. The electronic control unit that can be used to support the next generation of electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrids requires very advanced features and sophisticated control software, which will inevitably increase the processing of microcontrollers in these electronic control units. load.
At the same time, in order to ensure high reliability in a high temperature environment, it is also necessary to limit the amount of heat generated by the automotive microcontroller. Therefore, it is necessary to keep the operating frequency of the microcontroller's internal circuits (including the CPU core) at a relatively low level, which hinders its performance improvement.
In order to meet the above requirements, Renesas Electronics uses IMTS as a dedicated circuit module for static processing in the numerous motor control performed by the microcontroller, because the process usually requires high response performance, such as collecting sensor data, and calculating on this basis. Output control values, etc. Independent of the CPU, IMTS operates autonomously and significantly reduces the CPU load on the motor control microcontroller. The saved CPU performance can be distributed to advanced motor control algorithms to increase the energy efficiency of future electric, hybrid and plug-in hybrids.
Key features of dedicated motor control circuit technology:
(1) Development of dedicated circuit modules for static motor control processing and circuit technology supporting independent operation
Motor control requires a series of static processing involving field oriented control (FOC). During each control cycle, the MCU will collect the motor current value and angle value to calculate the control value of the next cycle after calculation; on the basis of the control value Generate a PWM output.
When multiple motor control programs are running simultaneously, the total processing load generated by Renesas Electronics' 40nm automotive MCU operating at 320 MHz can account for up to 90% of its CPU performance. The newly developed IMTS is a dedicated circuit module that supports FOC operation, which can largely share the processing load of the CPU. It is configured in the form of a dedicated motor control timer circuit with a compact link, so a series of processing performed during the control cycle managed by each timer circuit—from taking current and angle values ​​to PWM signal output—can be independent of the CPU run.
This eliminates the load that would otherwise have been handled by the CPU, and the released CPU performance can now be distributed to software containing advanced control algorithms to improve energy efficiency. By configuring a dedicated circuit for the FOC, IMTS can reduce the operating processing time to 0.8μs, which is less than one-tenth the time compared to software configured on the CPU.
For power supplies made from new materials, the new technology delivers processing performance to meet inverter control requirements with high-speed switching performance (performance example: 100kHz switching frequency, control period 10μs), including the use of new materials such as silicon carbide Inverter into a power supply unit.
(2) The development of professional technology provides functional safety for automotive power system control
Automotive powertrain control must ensure functional safety in order to detect component failures in a timely manner and automatically transition the system to a safe state. This is typically achieved by using two microcontrollers to provide system redundancy, or an MCU with internal redundant circuitry, but the cost of the latter is relatively high.
The new technology uses an MCU with two dual-core lock-step configurations that periodically monitor the internal operation of the IMTS circuit. This method not only reduces costs, but also achieves high-speed control and functional safety. Functional safety increases the CPU load, but in actual use, it only accounts for 2.4% of the total CPU processing power (Note 5).
(3) Circuit technology can flexibly correct external sensor signal error
In order to achieve accurate processing performance of high-precision microcontrollers, it is necessary to acquire high-precision sensor signal values. However, in actual operation, there are errors caused by various reasons, such as errors caused by the installation position of the sensor. The newly developed IMTS can load user-developed software real-time correction errors. In addition, IMTS can perform this correction process independently without incurring additional load on the CPU. The correct sensor signal value enables more accurate processing performance and higher energy efficiency in motor operation.
Renesas Electronics is currently testing a 40nm MCU prototype (with on-chip flash) using this technology. It uses a real motor drive system to confirm operation in real systems. Renesas Electronics aims to achieve higher energy efficiency for electronic control units for electric vehicles, hybrid vehicles and plug-in hybrid vehicles through this dedicated motor control circuit technology.
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