The recovery of electric vehicles is not unrelated to the promotion of the capital frenzy. In the past, there was Tesla's endorsement, and after the support of policy subsidies, in just a few years, many new forces and new brands for the car have emerged in the market.
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If we say that the "big fan" of electric vehicles is to erode the market share of traditional internal combustion engines, it also contributes to environmental protection. However, in terms of new energy vehicles, the scope is not limited to pure electric vehicles, but also hydrogen fuel cell vehicles with more intense colors in the future.
Then, the controversy came. The capital predators basically did not get involved in hydrogen fuel cells, but chose pure electric vehicles. Is it true that the promotion of hydrogen fuel cells is meaningless, or is its barrier higher than this, but it is abruptly stopped?
Two "phenomenons" at the policy level
At least, the status of hydrogen fuel cells has not been questioned from the national policy level. There are two "phenomenons" worth pondering:
1. In this year's government work report, there has been a new change in the formulation of new energy vehicles: “Encourage the use of clean energy vehiclesâ€. At first glance, it is the name of "new energy car". For a long time, in the automotive industry, the default “new energy vehicle†is equivalent to a pure electric vehicle in a narrow sense, but from the perspective of the government, it encourages the diversification of new energy vehicles.
The emphasis on “clean energy vehicles†can be broadened, including pure electric vehicles, extended-range electric vehicles, fuel cell vehicles, alternative fuel vehicles, and even traditional internal combustion engines that can effectively reduce energy consumption and pollutant emissions. Technology should also be encouraged.
2. From the 2016-2020 new energy vehicle subsidy policy, the subsidy quota will be greatly degraded, and the new energy vehicles will soon enter the “weaning periodâ€. However, after careful analysis, it can be noted that the subsidy retreat is only for pure electric and plug-in hybrids (including the extended program), and the hydrogen fuel cell is not affected, and it is still maintained at the subsidy level of 200,000.
Although it is said that there must be a brave man under the reward, the technical reserves of the domestic traditional car companies in the field of hydrogen fuel cells are almost blank, and the emerging forces are also circumventing. The “200,000 subsidies†dividends hang high, picking It is not easy to go down, the policy willing to do so, but the technical barriers are sturdy.
Bottom hydrogen fuel cell
Having said that, what is the hydrogen fuel cell vehicle? Since it is in the name of "battery", we can also guess that it is still a kind of electric car in essence. However, this "battery" is not a chemical battery, but a hydrogen fuel cell.
Compared to chemical batteries, hydrogen fuel cells "do not charge" but replenish hydrogen. Hydrogen fuel cells also have anodes and cathodes that pass hydrogen and oxygen from complex 3D channels, respectively. In the middle layer of each unit cell, there is a proton exchange membrane. Hydrogen is decomposed into two hydrogen ions and two electrons through the catalytic action of platinum. The hydrogen ions pass through the proton exchange membrane to react with oxygen to form water (the only emission). ()), while electrons "power" through an external circuit. Thus, after the unit cells are combined into a battery stack, sufficient power can be generated for the automobile.
Under normal circumstances, hydrogen fuel cells still need the "assisted" of chemical batteries, that is, "electrical mixing." The battery will be used as an electric energy transfer station to introduce the electric energy generated by the hydrogen fuel cell and then transmitted to the motor for driving operation. In a sense, the technical reserve of pure electric vehicles in the battery field can also be used for "hydrogen fuel cells."
How far is commercialization?
The current situation of hydrogen fuel cell vehicle mass production and commercialization is not optimistic. From the current point of view, there are only three global mass production grades, namely Toyota Mirai, Honda Clarity and Hyundai ix35 hydrogen fuel cell vehicles. The essential problem of mass production is the word “costâ€: the catalyst is precious metal platinum, proton exchange membrane and carbon paper are very demanding on materials and processes, and the hydrogen storage tank should ensure no safety hazard in case of accidental collision, etc. Wait.
As we all know, the two major bottlenecks of pure electric vehicles are “short battery life and long charging timeâ€, and the repressive advantage of hydrogen fuel cell vehicles is that they can “fill up hydrogen†within a few minutes. However, with the construction of hydrogen refueling stations that have to be invested heavily, after all, charging piles are still a “light asset†level compared to hydrogen refueling stations. If the bottleneck problem of pure electric vehicles is broken, hydrogen fuel cells do have the risk of being blown into the cold.
Under the premise of no revolutionary progress in any faction, the battle between pure electric and hydrogen fuel cells will continue.
The core problem of the hydrogen age
The ideal of the "hydrogen era" is so beautiful, but it still has to pour a cold water into reality. The core question is: Where does hydrogen come from?
At present, there are at least three routes at your fingertips: 1. Fossil fuel reaction: Most of the hydrogen comes from the “high temperature reaction†of natural gas and water, which produces carbon monoxide and hydrogen, but does not leave fossil fuel; : equivalent to the "reverse reaction" of hydrogen fuel cells, the cost is high; 3, industrial by-products: hydrogen is a by-product of the industrial field such as alkali, but there is a gap between scale and quality.
If hydrogen is to be promoted to a true "new energy", the first step is to ensure that the process of preparing hydrogen is "non-polluting", which is essentially equivalent to the energy consumption and environmental protection of traditional vehicles "oil wells to wheels". This is also a pure electric vehicle. The controversy over how "electricity comes". However, this road is not a smooth road.
Thinking
It's hard to say how far the "hydrogen age" is from us, but the "electric age" seems to be bright, while the controversy over pure electric and hydrogen fuel cells continues, and the capital frenzy has also turned to the lower pure electric vehicles. . New things will always face many questions and will be in full swing. However, as far as the car's dynamic layout is concerned, I still tend to be in a state of co-prosperity. At least, I can't hold any technology to "master". On the premise, forward-looking technology reserves are always essential.
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