Basic conceptual knowledge of the circuit


The circuit is a current path and is made up of various electrical and electronic components. According to the nature of the current can be divided into DC circuit and AC circuit. The actual circuit is composed of circuits for various purposes depending on the job requirements. For example, power transmission and distribution circuits that provide electrical energy, and telephone communication systems that transmit information.

The functions of the circuit can be divided into two categories: the first type is mainly used for the transmission, distribution and conversion of electric energy, the lighting circuit belongs to this type of circuit, focusing on the improvement of transmission efficiency; the second type is mainly used for electrical signals. Delivery, processing, and operations, such as radios and televisions, focus on the fidelity of information as it passes, the rate of computation, and the elimination of interference.

In the process of circuit analysis and learning, the main concern should be: study the general law in the energy conversion process of the circuit, and establish the analysis and calculation method for the study of the specific circuit.

The basic components of a circuit are the power supply, the load, and the connecting wires. To study the basic laws of the circuit, when starting to study the course, you must first clearly identify what the object is.

The circuit research is not the actual circuit, but the circuit model. The idealized circuit component is the scientific abstraction of the actual component. Each ideal component consists of two factors:

First, have certain electromagnetic properties

Such as three basic circuit components: the resistive component is an idealized model of the actual resistor, it only has the property of converting electrical energy into thermal energy; the inductive component is an idealized model of the actual inductor, which only has the property of storing magnetic field energy; The component is an idealized model of the actual capacitor, which only has the property of storing the energy of the electric field. Another example is an idealized power supply component: the voltage source is an idealized model of the actual power supply, it only has the property of providing a constant voltage or a given function voltage; the current source is another idealized model of the actual power supply, it Only has the property of outputting a constant current or a given function current.

Second, with accurate mathematical definitions and mathematical expressions

This lays the foundation for the analysis and calculation of the circuit. Any one of the actual circuit elements can be simulated with one or more basic circuit components to characterize its primary electromagnetic properties. The purpose of idealizing the component is to highlight its main electromagnetic properties, which is beneficial to the analysis and calculation of the circuit.

Generally, the internal circuit (electromotive force and internal resistance) of the power supply is called an internal circuit, and the rest (intermediate link and load) is called an external circuit.

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