The pickup distance refers to the distance from the microphone's set position to the sound source. The pickup effect of the microphone is closely related to its pickup distance. The proper ratio between the direct sound of the sound source to the microphone and the reverberation sound is the main basis for the position of the microphone. When the pickup distance of the microphone is greater than the reverberation radius, when the pickup signal distance is smaller than the reverberation radius, the direct sound is greater than the reverberation sound, so that the sound clarity is higher. Therefore, different pickup distances can form different program styles, resulting in different artistic effects.
There are usually three ways to pick up sounds:
1. The remote sound pickup microphone is set to pick up sound far away from the sound source, for example, to set a sound near or near the reverberation radius. This is a traditional pickup technique. For example, when recording a classical music piece played by a band or a program such as a chorus, the method is used to pick up the sound. At this time, among the signal components picked up, there are more reverberation sounds, resulting in a magnificent momentum; the voices naturally merge, have a certain sense of depth and layering, appear real, and the sound quality is strong and thick.
However, when picking up the language sound, the pickup distance is far, the signal strength is weakened, and the received reverberation sound is more, thus affecting the clarity of the language.
2. The close-range sound pickup microphone is set to pick up the sound near the sound source. At this time, because the microphone mainly picks up the direct sound within the reverberation radius, the sound pickup has high definition and bright sound quality. This method is used when the sound source has a small width and a light volume. For example, the volume of the guitar is small, so you can consider using this method to pick up the sound, the pickup distance is 50cm~80cm; when picking up someone's speech, the pickup distance is 20cm~30cm.
When the acoustic characteristics of the recording site are not ideal, you can also consider using this method to pick up the sound. For example, when recording in a large-volume closed room, because the indoor reverberation time is long, the clarity of the language will be affected. Therefore, a close-range sound pickup method should be adopted to minimize the influence of the environment on the sound quality.
After the popularity of sound processing equipment such as reverberation sound, the close-range sound pickup method has been more widely used. People like to use this method to pick up a very clear and clean direct sound, and then process it through reverberation, etc., which has formed a sound that is completely different from the sound picked up by long-distance pickup. This is the modern style of recording.
However, when the pickup distance is less than a certain value, due to the influence of the microphone "because of the near effect", the low frequency component in the sound pickup signal is improved, causing the sound to be distorted; the user's breathing sound and the sound of the mouth sound when speaking are cut. The noise is also clearly picked up at the same time, which affects the recording effect.
In short, the main purpose of close-range pickup is to directly pick up the direct sound of the sound source to reduce the indoor reverberation and other parts of the crosstalk, thereby improving the definition. However, it also has the characteristics of poor integrity, lack of integration, and sound quality. Close-range sound pickup technology is widely used in studios with short reverberation time.
3. Direct pickup The above two pickup technologies are all indirect pickups of air as the medium. The direct pickup method is to attach the microphone to the surface of the sound source for pickup, and it conducts with fixed vibration. This method can be used to pick up the guitar.
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