The advent of digital imaging technology in the 21st century has given us excellent diagnostic capabilities, image archiving, and the ability to retrieve anytime, anywhere. Since the advent of medical imaging digital technology in the early 1970s, the importance of digital imaging has become increasingly apparent. Some new advances in mixed-signal design capabilities in semiconductor devices have enabled imaging systems to achieve unprecedented levels of electronic packaging, leading to tremendous advances in medical imaging. At the same time, the embedded processor greatly enhances the ability of medical image processing and real-time image display, enabling faster and more accurate diagnosis. The convergence of these technologies and many emerging electronic health record standards provide the impetus for more complete patient care.
This article will present the many challenges and recent developments in the electronic design of different imaging methods, including digital X-ray, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) and ultrasound systems.
Digital X-ray systemConventional X-ray systems use a film/screen device to detect X-rays that are emitted to the human body. However, the digital X-ray signal chain in the detector system contains an array of photodetectors that convert the radiation into electrical charges. This is followed by a number of charge integrator circuits and analog-to-digital converter (ADC) circuits to digitize the input. Figure 1 shows an example of a typical digital X-ray system block diagram.
Digital X-ray system performance is closely related to the noise performance of the integrator and ADC modules. In order to achieve higher image quality under low power conditions, the degree of electronic integration required to support a large number of signal channels in a system sets a certain standard for technological innovation. Because of the many high-performance analog components that make up the detector system and the embedded processor that performs advanced image processing tasks, the X-ray system has many advantages over traditional X-ray systems. This combination supports a larger dynamic range, resulting in better image contrast and lower patient X-ray radiation levels, while producing digital images that can be electronically stored and transmitted.
Ultrasound systemThe receive channel signal chain of the ultrasound system includes a low noise amplifier (LNA), a variable gain amplifier (VGA), a low pass filter (LPF), and a high speed precision ADC. Following these components are digital beamforming, image and Doppler processing, and other signal processing software (Figure 2).
The noise and bandwidth characteristics of the signal chain component define the overall performance ceiling of the system. In addition, while dissipating lower system power, more high-performance channels need to be integrated in a smaller area. A typical handheld ultrasound system may have approximately 16 to 32 channels, while some high-end systems may have more than 128 channels for higher image quality. To reduce the number of printed circuit boards (PCBs) that occupy all of these array channels, the focus is on integrating as many channels as possible into the analog front-end IC. Total system power consumption is another important performance metric for handheld systems. Integrating the receiver electronics directly into the probe is another aspect of innovation.
This helps to reduce the distance between the low-voltage analog signal source and the LNAs in the probe, thereby reducing signal loss. Integration will further increase the number of probes to enhance 3D imaging. In addition to these analog signal chain considerations, high-performance, low-power embedded processors can perform beamforming and image processing tasks for portable devices faster and more efficiently than ever before.
MRISee Figure 3 for an example of a typical MRI channel analog signal processing chain.
A whole body MRI system may have a coil matrix of up to 76 components or channels. In addition, a low voltage (LV) analog input is transmitted from the limb coil to the analog signal chain preamplifier along a long coaxial cable. When it comes to the MRI receive signal chain, two key points arise: how to achieve a high signal-to-noise ratio (SNR) (at least about 84dB or 14 bits); how to achieve a very high total dynamic range of the total system (at least 150dB/Hz) ). Obtaining a high SNR requires a high performance preamplifier with an ultra low noise figure. High dynamic range requirements can be achieved using innovative solutions such as dynamic gain adjustment or analog input compression.
In summary, by increasing the number of coils used in an MRI system, both a better image range and a shorter image scan time can be obtained. An increase in the number of coils may require further optimization of signal communication between the coil and the preamplifier, while the use of high speed digital or optical links requires further optimization of the host system. In addition, high integration can result in a different system partition than current, which may bring the electronics closer to the coil. In this regard, semiconductor ICs may be required to be non-magnetically packaged and meet more stringent power and area regulations. Successful implementation of the above requirements can reduce the attenuation of the input signal, resulting in a higher quality medical image.
to sum upDigital imaging is one of the most active areas of technology development in the medical industry today. The tremendous advances in IC analog/mixed-signal functions and various embedded processes are driving its growth. The advent of these technologies has improved the performance of imaging systems while greatly improving the quality of diagnostic and medical care services for patients.
MTB-CUT M188 Intelligent Film Cutting Machine
China Mtb-Cut M188 Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Film Cutter,Screen Protector Cutter, we offered that you can trust. Welcome to do business with us.China Mtb-Cut M188 Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Film Cutter,Screen Protector Cutter, we offered that you can trust. Welcome to do business with us.China Mtb-Cut M188 Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Film Cutter,Screen Protector Cutter, we offered that you can trust. Welcome to do business with us.China Mtb-Cut M188 Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Film Cutter,Screen Protector Cutter, we offered that you can trust. Welcome to do business with us.
Mtb-Cut M188 Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Intelligent Film Cutting Machine,Film Cutter,Screen Protector Cutter
Mietubl Global Supply Chain (Guangzhou) Co., Ltd. , https://www.mietublmachine.com