OpenStack

OpenStack is a free software and open source project licensed and developed by NASA (National Aerospace Agency) and Rackspace under the Apache license.

Scope of application

OpenStack is an IaaS (Infrastructure as a Service) component that allows anyone to build and deliver cloud computing services on their own.

In addition, OpenStack is also used to establish a "Private Cloud" within a firewall, providing resources shared by organizations or departments within the enterprise.
Vendor support

National Aeronautics and Space Administration's Nebula computing platform.

Large hardware vendors that have supported the OpenStack project include IBM, AMD, Intel, and Dell.

Microsoft said in October 2010 that it supports the integration of OpenStack and Windows Server 2008 R2.

In February 2011, Cisco Systems officially joined the OpenStack project, focusing on the development of OpenStack network services.

Ubuntu's future cloud networking solution for stacking.

In April 2012, IBM announced its participation in the OpenStack project as a major sponsor.

In October 2012, the Viacloud Connected Cloud Platform joined the OpenStack project to develop OpenStack public cloud platforms and private cloud platforms.

IBM's IBM Pulse conference in 2013 announced that it will provide private cloud services and related applications based on OpenStack.
Technical Information

Written in Python programming language

Integrate Tornado web server, Nebula computing platform

Use the Twisted software framework

Follow Open Virtualization Format, AMQP, SQLAlchemy, etc.

Virtual machine software support includes: KVM, Xen, VirtualBox, QEMU, LXC, etc.
Project core project

OpenStack covers all aspects of networking, virtualization, operating systems, servers, and more. It is a cloud computing platform project under development that is broken down into core projects, incubation projects, and support projects and related projects based on maturity and importance. Each project has its own committee and project technical director, and each project is not static. The incubation project can be transformed into a core project based on the maturity and importance of development. As of the Icehouse version, 10 core projects (OpenStack services) are listed below.

Compute: Nova. A set of controllers that manage the entire lifecycle of a virtual machine instance for a single user or group, providing virtual services based on user needs. Responsible for virtual machine creation, boot, shutdown, suspend, pause, adjust, migrate, restart, destroy, etc., configure CPU, memory and other information specifications. Integration into the project from the Austin version.

Object Storage: Swift. A system for object storage with built-in redundancy and high fault tolerance in large-scale scalable systems, allowing storage or retrieval of files. Provides mirror storage for Glance and volume backup for Cinder. Integrated from the Austin version into the project

Image Service: Glance. A set of virtual machine image search and retrieval system supports multiple virtual machine image formats (AKI, AMI, ARI, ISO, QCOW2, Raw, VDI, VHD, VMDK), and has the basic information of creating upload image, deleting image, and editing image. Features. Integration from the Bexar version into the project.

Identity Service: Keystone. Provides authentication, service rules, and service tokens for other OpenStack services, managing Domains, Projects, Users, Groups, and Roles. Integration into the project from the Essex version.

Network & Address Management (Network): Neutron. Provide cloud computing network virtualization technology to provide network connectivity services for other OpenStack services. Provide interfaces for users. You can define Network, Subnet, and Router. Configure DHCP, DNS, load balancing, and L3 services. The network supports GRE and VLAN. The plugin architecture supports many major network vendors and technologies such as OpenvSwitch. Integration from the Folsom version into the project.

Block Storage: Cinder. Provides a stable block storage service for running instances. Its plug-in driver architecture facilitates the creation and management of block devices, such as creating volumes, deleting volumes, and mounting and unmounting volumes on instances. Integration from the Folsom version into the project.

UI interface (Dashboard): Horizon. A web management portal for various services in OpenStack to simplify user operations on services such as launching instances, assigning IP addresses, and configuring access controls. Integration into the project from the Essex version.

Metering: Ceilometer. Like a funnel, it collects almost everything that happens inside OpenStack and then provides data support for billing and monitoring and other services. Integrated from the Havana version into the project.

Orchestration: Heat[2]. Provides a collaborative deployment method defined by templates to automate the deployment of cloud infrastructure software operating environments (computing, storage, and network resources). Integrated from the Havana version into the project.

Database Service (Databa se Service): Trove. Provides scalable and reliable relational and non-relational database engine services for users in OpenStack environments. Integration into the project from the Icehouse version.
Community project

(14)

Load balancing: Atlas-LB (Rackspace)

Message queue: Burrow (Piston)

Cloud management tool: Clanavi (Drupal)

Automated deployment: Crowbar (Dell)

Service Deployment: Juju (Ubuntu)

Relational database: RedDwarf (Rackspace)
Market trend

Rackspace's OpenStack-based private cloud business generates $700 million in annual revenues, a growth rate of more than 20%.

Although OpenStack is still not mature in some aspects, it has a large number of organizational support around the world, and a large number of developers participate and develop rapidly. There are many public, private, and hybrid clouds built using OpenStack, such as RackspaceCloud, HP Cloud, MercadoLibre's IT infrastructure cloud, AT&T's CloudArchitec, Dell's OpenStack solution, and more. The popularity of OpenStack in China is gradually heating up. Huasheng Tiancheng, Gaode Map, Jingdong, Alibaba, Baidu, ZTE, Huawei, etc. all have a strong interest in and participation in OpenStack. Since its inception in 2010, 10 versions have been released. The Icehouse version has 120 organizations, 1,202 code contributors, and the latest is the Juno version. OpenStack is likely to take the lead in future infrastructure-as-a-service (IaaS) resource management, becoming the "cloud operating system" standard large user of public, private and hybrid cloud management.

National Aeronautics and Space Administration

The DAIR (Digital Accelerator for Innovation and Research) project of the Canadian semi-official organization CANARIE provides research and development of cloud computing environments to universities and small and medium-sized enterprises; DAIR users can quickly establish network topologies as needed.

HP Cloud (using Ubuntu Linux)

MercadoLibre's IT infrastructure cloud currently manages more than 6,000 virtual machines with OpenStack.

AT&T's "Cloud Architect" will provide cloud services to Dallas, San Diego and New Jersey in the United States.
Detailed content

Creating virtual machines (VMs) requires the interaction and cooperation of various services. The following diagram shows the typical environment architecture of OpenStack, the interactions and functions between services.

OpenStack is open because of Open, flexible because of components, and is broadly inclusive. There are components such as computing, network, object storage, block storage, identity, mirroring service, portal, measurement, deployment orchestration, database service, etc. Some components can be installed according to needs, and the networking structure is also flexible and diverse. Support for access to a variety of mainstream virtual machine software: KVM, LXC, QEMU, Hyper-V, VMware, XenServer, you can also develop plug-ins to access other virtualization software.

OpenStack Compute (Nova) is a set of controllers that launch virtual machine instances for a single user or group. It can also be used to set up a network for a specific project that contains multiple instances. OpenStack Compute is comparable to Amazon EC2 in terms of public cloud processing; it is no different from VMware's in terms of private cloud. In a public cloud, this management mechanism will provide a pre-built image or a storage mechanism for the user-created image so that the user can boot the image as a virtual machine.

OpenStack Object Storage (Swift) is a system for object storage with built-in redundancy and fault tolerance in large-scale scalable systems. These objects can be restored via a REST API or a client like Cyberduck that can dock the object storage API.

OpenStack Image Service (Glance) is a virtual machine image search and retrieval system. It can be configured in three forms: using the OpenStack object storage mechanism to store images; using Amazon's Simple Storage Solution (S3) to store information directly; or combining S3 storage with object storage as a connector for S3 access. The OpenStack Image Service supports a variety of virtual machine image formats, including VMware (VMDK), Amazon images (AKI, ARI, AMI) and various disk formats supported by VirtualBox. The container format for mirrored metadata includes Amazon's AKI, ARI, and AMI information, standard OVF format, and binary large data.

OpenStack's development cycle is to release two new versions each year, and each new version of the software release, developers and project technology leaders are already planning the details of the next version. These developers come from more than 70 organizations around the world, more than 1,600 people. They use advanced tools and development methods for code viewing, continuous integration, testing and development architecture, allowing versions to grow quickly while ensuring stability.
Build a private cloud

The first step is to set up the right hardware and network environment. Although OpenStack allows everything to be deployed on a single flat network, it is not secure from a security standpoint. Depending on the hypervisor you are using and the virtual network interface, it will allow the guest VM to sniff management traffic. It is recommended to use at least two networks: one to manage traffic and one to talk to virtual machines. This means that you need two network cards (one running instance) and a network manager in all cloud computing nodes. These should run in different IP ranges. Networks that compute nodes and instances also need to support VLAN tagging because this is the mechanism used to isolate traffic between "projects." A project is equivalent to your Amazon EC2 account, except that you can't create and assign it the number you want. Each project has its own administrator and user, and all instances in a given project can communicate with each other. This is done by assigning each project's own VLAN and internal and external IP address pools.

Once the hardware and network are set up, the next step is to determine where to deploy all OpenStack components. A standard deployment should have a controller and a series of compute nodes. The controller runs the message server, the database, and other components to orchestrate the cloud while computing the node running instances. But you can also decompose the controller into a geographic part to improve performance, like putting MySQL in a different physical box. For security, the most important thing is to make sure that each part is installed on a secure host. You just need to attach it to the network and let the cloud work.

Only two parts need to be exposed to the outside world (even if that's just your corporate network): API Server/Web Console (if enabled) and Network Manager. These servers need to be very hard, and you can even use third-party network interfaces to isolate traffic generated by back-end management user connections.

If you follow the default installation instructions, it may not be as safe as they should be. Here are some specific changes:

* The MySQL server uses the specified user account, not the root MySQL administrative account. This account and password will be exposed to every cloud node, even if certificate-based authentication is used, so all nodes need to access this database server.

* In the MySQL configuration file, the access server is restricted, and the OpenStack user account is the unique authorized IP address.

* Remove any unwanted OS components and ensure that the server you set up only supports key-based login via SSH.

* Default MySQL and RabbitMQ (message server) traffic is not encrypted. If you isolate the management network and the sturdy host, this should not be a very bad risk. If your cloud network is easy to sniff (for example, it shares the network with other servers), you need to encrypt traffic. You can use OpenSSL for MySQL and RabbitMQ processing. (I personally haven't tested yet, so the configuration may be a bit difficult.)

Next, remember that if you support the web management console, SSL is not available by default.
Service Center

China OpenStack Service Center Overview

On June 18, 2013, the “China Cloud Computing Industry Promotion Conference and China OpenStack Service Center Conference” was held in Nanjing. At the conference, Teamsun Tiancheng officially announced the launch of China's first OpenStack service center. OpenStack is an open source project with global developers involved in implementing a "cloud operating system," a platform with the ability to deploy and manage public, private, and hybrid cloud infrastructures.

1. Building and operating China's first may also be the only Openstack support center.

2. Provide a wide range of online and on-site professional support services and consulting services for Openstack researchers, developers and users to eliminate the worries of customers using open source software.

3. Improve the number and quality of domestic cloud computing practitioners and popularize the spirit and technology of open source software.

4. Breaking the monopoly of cloud computing construction, greatly reducing the construction and operation costs of cloud computing platforms, and promoting and ensuring the vigorous development of domestic cloud computing platforms.
System Components

800 telephone support center (100 seats)

Web online support platform (100 seats)

Service electronic sales platform

knowledge base

CRM system

Professional consulting team (10 people)

Professional on-site technical support team (50 people)

Professional custom development team (100 people)

Professional operation and maintenance management team (300 people)

Global Lab Level Support Team (2 international top core code labs)
Service Content

Full range of L1, L2 and L3 lab-level online and on-site services

24*7 telephone consultation/support service, web online consultation service/support service

Version release and upgrade service

Testing service

On-site installation, upgrade/tuning service

Custom development service

Training Services

Knowledge base sharing service

Operation and maintenance service

Electronic trading service experience

1. Customers can get help in the support center by phone or online 24 hours a day, including cloud technology consultation, information request, and purchase service package.

2, the fee service package is divided into levels (example)

Basic Service Pack (5*8 Phone Support Service)

Standard service package (7*24 telephone support service + on-site service)

Advanced Service Pack (7*24*6 Platform Repair Guarantee)

3, professional service options (example)

System integration service

Dedicated service

System tuning service

System migration service

Inspection service

Operation and maintenance management service

Emergency response service

Training service value

1. Users and potential users of open source cloud computing

It provides a channel for obtaining knowledge, guidance and technical support, and solves the embarrassing situation that the application of open source cloud technology can not find technical backing.

Provide a high-level technical team to install, configure, develop, optimize, and operate services for users, so that the cloud computing platform can be deployed and used correctly, and truly generate benefits.

2. For the Openstack industry chain

Promote Openstack's roots in China and blossom. Solved the embarrassment of seeing flowers in the openstack.

3. For the support center itself

Gain a wealth of customer information and project opportunities to achieve a highly profitable service business. A large number of technical resources in the industry are aggregated to form a pool of technical resources, and the industry chain grows together through the aggregation effect.

4. For society

Greatly promote the pace of cloud construction, reduce IT operating costs, improve business agility, save energy and reduce emissions, and promote industrial upgrading.
Member companies

Huasheng Tiancheng

Intel

Canonical

Rackspace

China Open Source Cloud Alliance

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