Researchers at the University of California, Santa Barbara Solid State Lighting and Energy Center (SSLEC) have announced a groundbreaking study that can improve phosphors to make LED lighting brighter and more efficient. Researchers say their goal is to achieve 90% light efficiency, or 300 lumens per watt. 
The researchers who collaborated on this groundbreaking study included Ram Seshadri, professor of materials and the Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry at the University of California, Santa Barbara, Steven DenBaars, a professor of materials science, and Jakoah Brgoch, a postdoctoral fellow. The research results were co-authored and published in the journal Physical Chemistry.
Seshadri said that the latest advancement in solid-state lighting is GaN LEDs, thanks in large part to Shuji Nakamura, a professor of materials at the University of California, Santa Barbara, who invented the first high-brightness blue LED. In solid-state white illumination technology, phosphors are applied to LED chips in such a way that photons emitted from blue gallium nitride LEDs pass through the phosphor, converting the blue light into a green-yellow-orange range of light. When it is evenly combined with blue light, the green-yellow-orange light will emit white light.
Recently, the preparation of phosphor materials is more of an art than a science—the crystal structure acts as a host-activated ion, transforming high-energy blue light into low-energy yellow/orange light. Seshadri said: "So far, there has been no complete explanation for what makes some phosphors effective and others ineffective. In some less good crystals, there will always be some photons turned into heat, resulting in waste."
“Few phosphor materials retain their efficacy at elevated temperatures,†says Brgoch. “Few people know how to choose a crystal that makes the fluorescent material more effective and maintains light efficiency at elevated temperatures.
However, the researchers used the calculation based on density functional theory to determine the rigidity of the crystal structure is a key factor affecting the efficiency of the phosphor, which means that a good phosphor needs to have a highly rigid crystal structure. In addition, the index of structural stiffness can be calculated by density functional theory, then the phosphor can be screened and used first. This groundbreaking discovery provides a "fast lane" for high-luminance, high-brightness LED lighting. The elimination of inefficient incandescent and fluorescent bulbs is even faster.
“Our goal is to achieve LEDs with 90% efficacy, or 300 lumens per watt, and our current data in the lab is 60%. The efficacy of incandescent bulbs on the market is about 5%, and fluorescent lamps are slightly higher, About 20%,†said DenBaars, professor of electronics and computer engineering and co-director of SSLEC.
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