What is the meaning of the bus? What are the characteristics?

A bus is a common communication backbone for transmitting information between various functional components of a computer. It is a transmission harness composed of wires. According to the type of information transmitted by a computer, the bus of a computer can be divided into a data bus, an address bus, and a control bus. , used to transfer data, data addresses, and control signals, respectively.

What is the meaning of the bus? What are the characteristics?

The bus is an internal structure, it is a common channel for cpu, memory, input, and output devices to transfer information. The various components of the host are connected through the bus. The external devices are connected to the bus through the corresponding interface circuit, thus forming a computer hardware. system. In a computer system, the common path for transferring information between components is called the bus. Microcomputers use bus structures to connect various functional components.

The bus is a common channel for data transmission in computers. Just like a street has four lanes, six lanes, and eight lanes, the bus is divided into bits. Currently, the number of bus bits in computers is 16-bit, 32-bit, and 64-bit. The larger the number of bits, the more and faster the data is transmitted. The 386DX computer is a 32-bit bus, and the Pentium computer's internal bus is 64-bit. The more bus bits, the smoother the road, the faster the speed. The bus is likened to BUS (bus), which can be divided into data bus, control bus, and ground bus according to different functions. "br"

In the computer, if the CPU is the heart of the computer, then the bus is the nerve of the computer. The continuous development of the computer is always accompanied by the constant updating of the computer bus. There have been several types of bus development, such as industrial standard buses, extended industrial standard buses, and micro-channel buses. Currently, the common and better-performing bus is the "Peripheral Interconnect Bus (PCI bus)", which is a 32-bit bus width and can be expanded to 64 bits. In addition, it also supports multiple external devices, independent of the CPU clock frequency, high data transmission rate. Pentium PCs can only run faster on this PCI bus. The PCI bus has become the main trend of current computers.

Bus characteristics:

Because the bus is a set of signal lines that connect the various components. Through the signal on the signal line to express information, by agreeing on the order of different signals can be agreed on how to achieve the operation. The characteristics of the bus are as follows

(1) Physical characteristics:

Physical characteristics, also known as mechanical characteristics, refer to the characteristics of the components on the bus that are physically connected, such as the geometry and shape of the plug and socket, the number of pins, and the order in which they are arranged.

(2) Functional characteristics: Functional characteristics refer to the functions of each signal line. For example, the address bus is used to represent the address code. The data bus is used to represent the transmitted data, and the control bus represents commands, states, etc. operating on the bus.

(3) Electrical characteristics: Electrical characteristics refer to the direction of the signal on each signal line and the range of levels at which the signal is valid. Usually, a signal sent from a host device (such as a CPU) is called an output signal (OUT). The signal of the master device is called the input signal (IN). Usually the data signal and the address signal define high level as logic 1 and low level as logic 0. The control signal has no convention, such as WE means active low, Ready means active high. There are no uniform provisions for the level ranges of the different bus high and low levels, which are usually consistent with TTL.

(4) Time characteristics: Time characteristics, also known as logic characteristics, refer to when each signal line signal is valid in the course of bus operation. Through this kind of signal effective timing relationship convention, the correct operation of the bus is ensured.
In order to improve the expandability of computers and the versatility of components and equipment, all parts or devices, except for on-chip buses, are connected to the bus in a standardized form, and the information on the bus is transmitted in a standardized manner. The standardized connection forms and operating methods of the bus are collectively referred to as bus standards. Such as ISA, PCI, USB bus standards, etc., accordingly, the buses that use these standards are ISA bus, PCI bus, USB bus and so on.

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