On October 19, 2017, Google Deepmind's team published a paper on "Natural" that "Mastering Go without playing with human knowledge." A new artificial intelligence AlphaGoZero, learning from scratch, playing chess with oneself, without using any go chess figures and human experience, found simple formulas in about 10 hours; found complex formulas in 15 hours; found that human top masters never used them in 55 hours New formula; 72 hours out. After the exit, Alpha GoLee defeated AlphaGoLee 100 times (had defeated Li Shishi), and the AlphaGo Master scored stronger with 89:1.
After the AlphaGo series was defeated by top human elites, the game of chess is no longer among the top humans, nor is it between artificial intelligence and top humans. It is only between artificial intelligence and artificial intelligence. AlphaGoZero's three-day self-learning has surpassed the accumulation of knowledge of Go for thousands of years by human beings. It has also surpassed AlphaGoLee and Master who have been trained in human experience and big data. It is amazing and fully reveals the limitations of human experience.
Some people say that AlphaGoZero turned out to show that "algorithms are more important than big data." This is certainly correct. The power of chess is the algorithm and the power.
First of all, artificial intelligence overcame top humans and was the victory of algorithm and computational power. Due to the limitation of computational power, the human player uses a local optimization algorithm, and each of the losses mainly considers the immediate and subsequent impact on the surrounding situation. Artificial intelligence, which is a powerful operator, can use a global optimization algorithm in principle, and considers all impacts on the current and subsequent global conditions. In the vast majority of cases, the local optimum and the global optimum are the same. However, in rare cases, the local optimum is not a global optimum, and artificial intelligence will crush the top humans.
Second, artificial intelligence that uses a neural network to learn and train itself and defeat artificial intelligence that uses human experience and big data training is also the victory of the algorithm. It seems that the former is the true global optimization algorithm, because it does not look at the chess spectrum and is not biased by human experience; the latter is only a quasi-global optimization algorithm, and the algorithm is “contaminated†by local optimization algorithms in the human chess game. In other words, human experience constrains the improvement of artificial intelligence. This is really an embarrassing fact for humanity.
Thus, the day that "the end of Go" seems not far away. Go chess is played under full information and the rules are very clear. Theoretically, there is a plate of “ultimate chess gameâ€: every step of both sides of the game is the best player in the global sense, that is to say, either side. It would be unwise for any one step not to fall. In the end, an "ultimate chess game" was formed.
The greatest significance of AlphaGoZero is that it helps us to reflect on the limitations of human experience, so that we can clearly understand where the boundaries of experience are and do not think that our own experience is absolute truth. The essence of human experience is actually a local optimal solution. Your personal experience is a local optimal solution from your personal perspective.
If the reason that the human player has to use the local optimization algorithm in the chess game is the limitation of the computational power, the main reason why people use the local optimization algorithm in the daily decision-making is that the information is not sufficient and inaccurate. The game in human society is basically a game under information asymmetry. The decisions you make after making rough decisions about the limited information you have mastered, and making false positives, are the best decisions under limited conditions, but they are not necessarily the best and most favorable decisions for you. However, if the information you possess is as comprehensive and as accurate as possible, your decision will be closer to the global optimal solution from the perspective of God's omniscient perspective.
In addition, people often make mistakes in decision-making is to consider only the short-term effect, but ignore the long-term effect; only see the "visible" and ignore the "invisible"; only see the direct "first-order effect", and Ignore high-order effects such as "second-order effects." This also seems to be caused by the "force limit", but it is actually an "algorithm defect" and intellectual laziness. AlphaGoZero will not make such mistakes and will certainly consider the full impact of the current and subsequent actions.
Yes, AlphaGoZero is a mirror that captures the limitations of human experience.
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