Only by grasping the trend can we control the future. The future of global mobile communications is 5G. Not long ago, at CES 2016, Ericsson demonstrated a 5G terminal prototype with a real-time download rate of up to 3Gbps and a latency of less than 1ms. 5G seems to be no longer so far away from us. However, the two most important standards for 5G, namely the operating frequency and modulation and demodulation methods, have not yet been released. There are still many challenges in the development of 5G technology.
As a new leader in scalable and dynamic RF solutions for the global mobile, infrastructure and defense sectors, Qorvo has been actively involved in the development of new 5G standards and cutting-edge development of related RF technologies. Recently, the company's mobile product market strategy department Asia-Pacific manager Tao Zhen and Qorvo infrastructure and defense products major customer sales manager Wan Wenhao respectively at the "EVIA" hosted the "5th ICT Industry and Technology Trends Outlook Forum" Shenzhen Station In cooperation with Beijing Railway Station, it has shared with more than 100 Chinese technology media friends and engineers the observation of the technical trends of the 5G era by professional RF semiconductor companies, as well as the new challenges and technical solutions that 5G applications will bring.
Tao Zhen, Asia Pacific Manager of Qorvo Mobile Products Market Strategy Department, shared the theme of Pre-5G development trend in Shenzhen Station.
In the era of Pre-5G, the explosive growth of mobile data poses challenges
The industry-renowned Cooper's Law believes that spectral efficiency (the maximum amount of information contained in a given radio spectrum) will double every 30 months. This prediction is as magical as Moore's Law, which roughly matches the history and current status of wireless communication technology development. A set of forecast data provided by Cisco in 2015 also confirmed similar predictions. The entire mobile data is growing very fast, from 2.5EB in 2014 to 24.3EB in 2019. Wireless data communication in the next 5 to 10 years will be a major outbreak.
Mobile Data Growth Trend Forecast Chart (Source: Cisco VNI Mobile, 2015)
"According to industry forecast data, the annual compound growth rate of data volume is 57%, and the equipment growth rate is about 99%. By 2019, the number of devices connected to the Internet will reach 10 billion. With so many product equipment access, high bandwidth is very important. The indicator, 5G will require 1 million devices per square kilometer of network." Tao Zhen pointed out that "from the network construction planning, it must achieve 1000 times capacity growth." In fact, bandwidth is only one aspect, low time The extension is equally important, especially for applications such as the car network with very promising prospects. The long delay of the current network is difficult to support. The delay standard of less than 1ms is very important, and this is also a goal that 5G must accomplish.
"For mobile Internet users, the goal of the future 5G is to achieve a user experience similar to fiber-optic speed. For the Internet of Things, 5G systems will support a wider range of scenarios such as transportation, healthcare, agriculture, finance, construction, and power grids. Environmental protection, etc." Tao Zhen introduced. However, the low-power Internet of Everything, high-reliability, low-latency intelligent driving, and ultra-high-speed Internet experience put forward higher requirements for RF front-end technology.
Qorvo Defense Product Major Account Sales Manager Wan Wenhao made a 5G forward-looking keynote speech at Beijing Railway Station
Two core technologies, let 5G enter the reality from dreams
It is well known that increasing the complexity of modulation and demodulation is an effective way to speed up the uplink and downlink rates. From the traditional 2G GSM, to 3G BPSK and QPSK, 4G 16QAM and 64QAM, the system is more and more complicated. Another more straightforward approach is to increase the system transmission bandwidth where carrier aggregation techniques are widely adopted. "This year, commercial carrier aggregation is still two carriers. By the next year, there may be three carriers or four carriers or even five carriers. The more carriers, the faster the uplink and downlink rates can be provided," Wan Wenhao pointed out.
It is predicted that the share of mobile phone carrier aggregation will be large by 2018. Now China's three major operators are planning downlink three carriers, and may officially commercialize three carriers in 2017. There are plans for four carriers in 2018. The current maximum plan is five carriers. However, the different requirements of carrier aggregation for different carrier aggregations vary considerably. It is reported that it is necessary to design a carrier aggregation mobile phone for China Mobile alone, or to design a carrier aggregation mobile phone for China Unicom and China Telecom alone. The RF front-end has great differences.
5G will bring the key changes: data rate 10Gbps; delay 1mS; connection density 1 million / square kilometer; capacity expansion 1000 times
“At the same time, Massive MIMO is also one of the key technologies recognized by LTE Evolution and 5G. This technology can greatly improve spectrum efficiency and help operators maximize the use of existing sites and spectrum resources, significantly improving the coverage and capacity of wireless networks. Wen Hao said. Massive MIMO uses active antenna array technology, combined with innovative pilot signal design and user channel high-accuracy estimation algorithm, can form extremely accurate user-level ultra-narrow beam, and deliver energy to user location, which can significantly improve network coverage. To reduce the energy consumption of wireless networks, especially in the case of networking in the middle and high frequency bands.
The need for carrier aggregation and Massivie MIMO has created a more complex need for RF front-end design. "In general, 2G requires a very simple transmitting module, 3G requires a 3G power amplifier, 4G requires more filters and a duplexer carrier, and carrier aggregation requires a multiplexer that cooperates with the front end, and the upstream carrier. The power amplifier of the device must be redesigned to meet the linearization requirements," Wan Wenhao pointed out.
As the complexity of the system becomes higher and higher, the RF front-end integrated solution is increasingly popular. Professional organizations expect that the share of RF front-end integration will become higher and higher in the future, and the remaining proportion of discrete solutions such as discrete solutions will no longer be obvious. "How to integrate these different frequency bands and standards of RF front-end devices is an important topic that the industry has been studying. There are currently two options: one architecture is the integration along the signal link, that is, the power amplifier plus band split switch, and different The active/passive + switch integrated module consisting of the filter of the frequency band is mainly suitable for medium and high-end mobile phones; the other is a fusion architecture, which integrates several power amplifiers of different frequencies, suitable for low-end and medium-end mobile phones. 2G, 3G mobile phones have 3-5 power amplifiers integrated in one module." Tao Zhen introduced.
In response to the 5G communication RF challenge, Qorvo has a "single secret"
The 5G wireless communication front-end will use dozens or even hundreds of channels, requiring network equipment or device vendors to provide a fully integrated solution, which greatly increases the complexity of product design, whether for device solutions or device solutions. Businesses have raised a lot of technical challenges. “But for Qorvo this technical challenge is an opportunity, because Qorvo's technical advantages make it easier to integrate and miniaturize, and our production process technology ensures optimal RF performance conditions in small device or module packages. Under the integration." Tao Zhen said, "Our solution can provide high efficiency, because if your efficiency does not support, then your equipment can not be a real product."
Qorvo's GaN Roadmap for 3G, 4G and Pre-5G and 5G communication technologies
"And, we also have a very important advanced technology - GaN technology, this is our entire Qorvo in the face of the future 5G including the current 4G and the past 2G, 3G to do some technical reserves." Wan Wenhao stressed. According to reports, to accommodate 64 or 128 RF channels in a small machine must require very high efficiency of the amplifier, but also have very good linearity, which is the biggest advantage of GaN as a power device.
"Gallium nitride technology is the current mainstream direction. Qorvo is developing very early on GaN. It is the only provider of GaN products that provides the whole process in the industry." Wan Wenhao pointed out that "We will focus on 2016." In 4G applications, more emphasis is placed on high-power amplifiers and higher linear efficiency. In the next two years, we will focus on a series of products for Pre-5G.†It is reported that Qorvo is the only one in the industry with full GaN production capacity. Manufacturers can offer a wide range of voltages from QGaN50 to QGaN09 from 20 volts, 28 volts, 36 volts, 48 ​​volts to 65 volts.
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